The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 5.0.

Knowledge about seafloor depth, or bathymetry, is crucial for various marine activities, including scientific research, offshore industry, safety of navigation, and ocean exploration. Mapping the central Arctic Ocean is challenging due to the presence of perennial sea ice, which limits data collection to icebreakers, submarines, and drifting ice stations. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) was initiated in 1997 with the goal of updating the Arctic Ocean bathymetric portrayal.

Clustering of care activities for promoting development and preventing morbidity in hospitalized preterm infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of clustering of care activities for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

Infant positioning for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of infant positioning, nesting, and swaddling for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

Community-based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people, stratified by frailty: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Sustaining independence is important for older people, but there is insufficient guidance about which community health and care services to implement.

Objectives: To synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of community services to sustain independence for older people grouped according to their intervention components, and to examine if frailty moderates the effect.

Review Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Vestibular stimulation for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of vestibular stimulation compared to standard care or non-vestibular stimulation for physical and neurological development in preterm infants. To assess whether the effects of vestibular stimulation differ according to gestational age at birth; the type, frequency, and duration of the intervention; and settings, such as the country where the study is conducted.

Mixed Methods Study Investigating Adolescent Acceptance and Implementation Outcomes of Serving Spicy Vegetables in School Lunch.

Background: Only a few adolescents are meeting their daily vegetable requirement. At the same time, spicy food is increasingly popular and familiar across cultures.

Objectives: To explore the implementation of spicy vegetables into school meals, the primary objective is to determine adolescents' preferred degree of hot spice on steamed broccoli.

Minimizing Vaccine Wastage in Nigeria: A National Assessment of Vaccine Wastage Rates and Potential Determinants.

High vaccine wastage can serve as a critical barrier to achieving the gains of vaccination, especially in a country like Nigeria, where data on vaccine wastage are sparsely available. We determined the country-wide vaccine wastage rates and their determinants through a mixed-methods study conducted across 576 health facilities (primary and secondary) in 24 states in Nigeria. We collected facility-based immunization records from June 2018 to May 2019, in addition to healthcare workers' interviews and observations of fixed and outreach sessions.

Milk spoilage model predicts that share tables would not meaningfully increase spoilage, and improved storage systems can reduce spoilage.

School share tables offer opportunities for food recovery and increased access to healthy foods by allowing students to donate or consume unopened items, such as cartons of milk. However, stakeholders have concerns about temperature abuse potentially causing premature milk spoilage. Although previous research showed short ambient temperature abuse of milk (under conditions representing share tables) does not meaningfully affect microbial milk quality, differences across school cafeterias (e.

Olfactory stimulation for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of olfactory stimulation with different odorants in the NICU for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

Comparing the Efficacy and Efficiency of Human and Generative AI: Qualitative Thematic Analyses.

Background: Qualitative methods are incredibly beneficial to the dissemination and implementation of new digital health interventions; however, these methods can be time intensive and slow down dissemination when timely knowledge from the data sources is needed in ever-changing health systems. Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and their underlying large language models (LLMs) may provide a promising opportunity to expedite the qualitative analysis of textual data, but their efficacy and reliability remain unknown.

Objective: The primary objectives of our study were to evaluate the consistency in themes, reliability of coding, and time needed for inductive and deductive thematic analyses between GenAI (ie, ChatGPT and Bard) and human coders.

Multisensory stimulation for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of multisensory stimulation compared to any single sensory intervention or standard care for physical and neurological development in preterm infants.

Investigating GABA Neuron-Specific Androgen Receptor Knockout in two Hyperandrogenic Models of PCOS.

Androgen excess is a hallmark feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common form of anovulatory infertility. Clinical and preclinical evidence links developmental or chronic exposure to hyperandrogenism with programming and evoking the reproductive and metabolic traits of PCOS. While critical androgen targets remain to be determined, central GABAergic neurons are postulated to be involved.

Older people's perception of being frail - a qualitative exploration.

Background: Frailty is a suggested consequence of ageing, but with a variety of different definitions the understanding of what it means to be frail is challenging. There is a common belief that frailty results in a reduction of physical functioning and ability and therefore is likely to significantly affect a person's quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the understanding of older people about the meaning of frailty and the potential consequences of being classified as frail.

Systemic metabolic benefits of 17α-estradiol are not exclusively mediated by ERα in glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons.

17α-Estradiol (17αE2), a less-feminising enantiomer of 17β-estradiol, has been shown to prolong lifespan and improve metabolic health in a sex-specific manner in male, but not in female mice. Recent studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in mediating the effects of 17αE2 on metabolic health. However, the specific tissues and/or neuronal signalling pathways that 17αE2 acts through remain to be elucidated.

Community-Identified Implementation Strategies for Promoting the Adoption of HIV Self-Testing in a Southern California American Indian community: A Rapid Qualitative Analysis.

HIV incidence increased by 18% between 2015 and 2019 among American Indians (AIs) despite declining rates in other racial/ethnic groups. Culturally-appropriate implementation of prevention programs is needed to address the intersectional conditions contributing to HIV vulnerabilities experienced by AIs. The objectives of this study were to understand factors influencing HIV testing decisions and identify implementation strategies to promote the acceptability of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in a southern California AI community.

School Nutrition Stakeholders Find Utility in MealSim: An Agent-Based Model.

Objective: To obtain feedback from school nutrition stakeholders on an agent-based model simulating school lunch to inform model refinement and future applications.

Design: Qualitative study using online discussion groups.

Setting: School nutrition professional stakeholders across the US.

Community based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: To synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of community based complex interventions, grouped according to their intervention components, to sustain independence for older people.

Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.

The role of male scent in female attraction in the bank vole, Myodes glareolus.

Chemical signals are frequently utilised by male mammals for intersexual communication and females are often attracted to male scent. However, the mechanism underlying female attraction has only been identified in a small number of mammalian species. Mammalian scents contain airborne volatiles, that are detected by receivers at a distance from the scent source, as well as non-volatile molecules, such as proteins, that require physical contact for detection.

An alternative strategy to increasing influenza virus replication for vaccine production in chicken embryo fibroblast (DF-1) cells by inhibiting interferon alpha and beta using peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers.

Influenza is a global health issue causing substantial health and economic burdens on affected populations. Routine, annual vaccination for influenza virus is recommended for all persons older than 6 months of age. The propagation of the influenza virus for vaccine production is predominantly through embryonated chicken eggs.

"People are now working together for a common good": The effect on social capital of participatory design for community-level sanitation infrastructure in urban informal settlements.

Communities with higher levels of social capital perform better than communities with lower social capital in community-level water and sanitation interventions and have better health outcomes. Although research recommends bolstering social capital to improve intervention outcomes, few studies provide empirical evidence on the effect of intervention activities on social capital. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of participatory design and community engagement activities on social capital among urban informal settlements in Suva, Fiji and Makassar, Indonesia enrolled in the Revitalizing Informal Settlements and their Environments trial using the Short Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool.

Learning What Works: A Mixed-Methods Study of American Self-identified Food Conservers.

Objective: Identify psychosocial factors influencing food waste mitigation and explore motivations and strategies for successful conservation among self-identified food conservers.

Methods: Mixed-methods study consisting of an online survey estimating food waste production and psychosocial factors and a focus group to explore waste mitigation strategies and motivations.

Results: Sampled 27 self-identified conservers (female, aged 18-30 years, White/Asian).

Positioning for lumbar puncture in newborn infants.

Background: Lumbar puncture is a common invasive procedure performed in newborns for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Approximately one in two lumbar punctures fail, resulting in both short- and long-term negative consequences for the clinical management of patients. The most common positions used to perform lumbar puncture are the lateral decubitus and sitting position, and each can impact the success rate and safety of the procedure.

Development of a composite scoring system to rank communities at high risk of zero-dose children in Cameroon: A geospatial analysis.

Background: Despite growing efforts to improve access to vaccination, millions of children, especially in developing countries, have not received a single dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Consequently, they are often called zero-dose children (ZDC). With limited health resources, prioritising communities for rapid and mass zero-dose catch-up vaccination in missed communities to avert epidemic outbreaks is complicated by unreliable denominators used to compute vaccination coverages.