Identification of a novel salivary biomarker miR-143-3p for periodontal diagnosis: A proof of concept study.

Background: Though the use of salivary miRNAs as potential biomarkers has been reported in few diseases/conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and oral cancer, there are no reported studies on their utility in periodontal diagnostics. Thus, the aim of the present study was to profile salivary miRNAs and identify the most suitable salivary miRNA biomarker in chronic periodontitis.

Methods: In this study, we have explored the potential application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology for profiling miRNAs in two unstimulated saliva samples collected by passive drool method from a patient diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis and a healthy control.

A critique on nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3: The key transcription factors in periodontal pathogenesis.

Periodontal disease is initiated by microorganisms in dental plaque, and host immunoinflammatory response to the microbial challenge helps in disease progression. Conventional periodontal therapy was mainly targeted on the elimination of microbial component. However, a better understanding of molecular aspects in host response will enable the clinicians to formulate effective host modulation therapy (HMT) for the periodontal management.

Is Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Effective as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis? A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as either a primary mode of treatment or an adjunct to non-surgical treatment was more effective than scaling and root planing (SRP) alone in treating chronic periodontitis in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and probing depth (PD) reduction. The focused question was developed using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) format, and two authors independently searched the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for relevant studies from January 2008 to December 2016. Twenty studies included in this systematic review were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of aPDT compared to placebo, no intervention, or non-surgical treatment in an adult population.

Differential expression of transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3 in periodontal ligament fibroblasts and gingiva of healthy and diseased individuals.

Objective: Pathogens and host mediators can activate transcription factors in periodontal cells to bring about gene level alterations, thereby accentuating the periodontal disease process. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) are two pivotal transcription factors implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases. But their importance in periodontal pathogenesis has not been investigated in detail.

Patients' perceptions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the management of chronic periodontitis.

The aim of this study is to evaluate patients' perception of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the management of chronic periodontitis. 90 patients (51 females and 39 males) with untreated localized chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive SRP with aPDT (test group) or SRP alone (control group) in a single-centered double-blinded randomized and controlled clinical trial. Patients' perception in terms of changes in bleeding gums, pain in gums while chewing, bad breath and sensitive gums along with pain during the procedure and patient acceptance were recorded for 6 months after treatment by a periodontist who was blinded to the procedure.

Detection and quantification of dental plaque based on laser-induced autofluorescence intensity ratio values.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of laser-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) spectroscopy to detect and quantify dental plaque. LIAF spectra were recorded in situ from dental plaque (0–3 grades of plaque index) in 300 patients with 404 nm diode laser excitation. The fluorescence intensity ratio of the emission peaks was calculated from the LIAF spectral data following which their scatter plots were drawn and the area under the receiver operating characteristics were calculated.

Prevalence of human papilloma virus in marginal periodontium and its association with periodontitis: A cross sectional study.

Context: Bacterial pathogens in dental plaque are necessary for the development of periodontitis but this etiology alone does not explain all its clinicopathologic features. Researchers have proven the role of certain viruses like herpes virus in periodontal disease which implies that other viral agents like human papilloma virus may also be involved.

Aims: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the proportion of patients with human papilloma virus (HPV-16) in marginal periodontium by analyzing DNA from the gingival tissue sample and to understand its association with periodontitis.

Periodontal disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: a community-based study using serology and rapid urease test.

Aims: The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and their associations within a predefined Indian population.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 500 selected individuals using a questionnaire, oral examination, rapid urease testing of dental plaque, and serological examination for immunoglobulin G antibody to H.

Fibrin clot adhesion to root surface treated with tetracycline hydrochloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: A scanning electron microscopic study.

Background: Connective tissue attachment following periodontal regenerative surgery is directly related to the attachment of fibrin clot on to the root surface during early wound healing events. The adhesion of fibrin clot to the root surface affected by periodontal disease depends on the biologic acceptance of the root surface which can be accomplished by various root conditioning procedures during periodontal therapy. The present in vitro study has been designed to evaluate and compare the degree of fibrin clot adhesion to root surfaces treated with root conditioning agents tetracycline hydrochloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Plasma cell gingivitis associated with cheilitis: A diagnostic dilemma!

Plasma cell gingivitis is a rare condition characterized by diffuse and massive infiltration of plasma cells into the sub-epithelial connective tissue. Clinically, it appears as a diffuse reddening and edematous swelling of the gingiva with a sharp demarcation along the mucogingival border. Though considered as a hypersensitive reaction to an allergen, the etiology of this bizarre condition is still not properly understood.

Discrimination of periodontal diseases using diffuse reflectance spectral intensity ratios.

This clinical study was to demonstrate the applicability of diffuse reflectance (DR) intensity ratio R620/R575 in the quantification and discrimination of periodontitis and gingivitis from healthy gingiva. DR spectral measurements were carried out with white-light illumination from 70 healthy sites in 30 healthy volunteers, and 63 gingivitis- and 58 periodontitis-infected sites in 60 patients. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival index were recorded in patient population.