Efficacy and safety of twice per year depemokimab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ANCHOR-1 and ANCHOR-2): phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel trials.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) symptoms are frequently driven by type 2 inflammation. Depemokimab is the first ultra-long-acting biological drug engineered with enhanced interleukin-5 binding affinity, high potency, and an extended half-life, enabling twice per year dosing and sustained type 2 inflammation inhibition. The ANCHOR-1 and ANCHOR-2 trials investigated the efficacy and safety of depemokimab in people with CRSwNP.

A mathematical model of neuroinflammation in severe clinical traumatic brain injury.

Background: Understanding the interdependencies among inflammatory mediators of tissue damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is essential in providing effective, patient-specific care. Activated microglia and elevated concentrations of inflammatory signaling molecules reflect the complex cascades associated with acute neuroinflammation and are predictive of recovery after TBI. However, clinical TBI studies to date have not focused on modeling the dynamic temporal patterns of simultaneously evolving inflammatory mediators, which has potential in guiding the design of future immunomodulation intervention studies.

Estradiol to Androstenedione Ratios Moderate the Relationship between Neurological Injury Severity and Mortality Risk after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Early declines in gonadotropin production, despite elevated serum estradiol, among some individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggests amplified systemic aromatization occurs post-injury. Our previous work identifies estradiol (E2) as a potent mortality marker. Androstenedione (A), a metabolic precursor to E2, estrone (E1), and testosterone (T), is a steroid hormone substrate for aromatization that has not been explored previously as a biomarker in TBI.

Systemic Estrone Production and Injury-Induced Sex Hormone Steroidogenesis after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prognostic Indicator of Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Mortality.

Extensive pre-clinical studies suggest that sex steroids are neuroprotective in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, clinical trials involving sex hormone administration have not shown beneficial results, and our observational cohort studies show systemic estradiol (E2) production to be associated with adverse outcomes. Systemic E2 is produced via aromatization of testosterone (T) or reduction of estrone (E1).

Longitudinal sex and stress hormone profiles among reproductive age and post-menopausal women after severe TBI: A case series analysis.

Primary Objectives: To describe hormone profiles for pre-/post-menopausal women, to monitor time to resumption of menstruation among pre-menopausal women and to describe cortisol associated LH suppression and phasic variation in other sex hormones over timeMethods and procedures: This study determined amenorrhea duration and characterized acute (days 0-7) and chronic (months 1-6) gonadotropins [luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (LH, FSH)], sex hormones (progesterone, estradiol) and stress hormone (cortisol) profiles. Women were pre-menopausal (n = 3) or post-menopausal (n = 3). Among pre-menopausal women, menstrual cycle resolution and phase association (luteal/follicular) was monitored using self-report monthly reproductive history questionnaires.