Evaluating peripheral blood inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers as predictors in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To determine the correlation between serum inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 100 diabetic patients. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (patients with no DR, n = 27), group 2 (DR with DME, n = 34), and group 3 (DR without DME, n = 39).

Evaluation and correlation of corneal endothelium parameters with the severity of primary glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate and correlate corneal endothelium parameters with the severity of primary glaucoma.

Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted on 150 eyes of 80 newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (cPACG), and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients in a tertiary care center. Endothelial parameters including endothelial cell count (ECC), percentage of hexagonal cells, and coefficient of variation of cell size were analyzed.

Evaluation and comparison of conjunctival swab polymerase chain reaction results in SARS-CoV-2 patients with and without ocular manifestations.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with and without ocular symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.

Methods: The prospective observational study conducted on 60 consecutive SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with ocular complaints was compared with 60 controls who had no ocular manifestations. The tear samples were taken within 48 h of admission from both the eyes of the enrolled patients for evaluating the presence SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Study of prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients.

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a disorder which affects multiple systems in our body but ophthalmic manifestations do occur in 70-80% of patients sometime during their lifetime. Eye is affected either directly by HIV virus or indirectly through various opportunistic infections. HIV related ophthalmic manifestations are wide and can affect any part of eye from a dnexal disorders to posterior segment diseases including the optic nerve and the optic tract.

A study of endothelial cell count pre- and post-neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser iridotomy in subacute angle closure using specular microscope.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser iridotomy on corneal endothelial cell count in patients with subacute angle closure using specular microscope.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 50 cases of narrow-angle Grade 1 and Grade 2 (Shaffer gonioscopic grading) visiting the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Amritsar underwent Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy. After obtaining informed written consent, specular microscopy was performed before and after iridotomy at 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, and at 6-month follow-up visits.

Automated achromatic perimetry.

Visual field (VF) testing is an important diagnostic tool for Glaucoma. The current gold standard for VF testing is automated perimetry. This article is an attempt to familiarize the reader with components of an achromatic (white on white) automated perimetry printout.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in a pubertal paediatric Indian patient.

Background: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition and absence of hydrocephalus or space occupying lesions. IIH is a rare disease in children. It can lead to visual impairment but prompt diagnosis and treatment in most of the cases will prevent potentially permanent visual loss.

Outcome of solid-state 532 nm green laser in high-risk retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary care centre in India.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the outcome of solid-state green laser in high-risk retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a tertiary centre in India.

Methods: Fifty-nine eyes of 30 infants with high-risk ROP were recruited in this prospective, interventional study. High-risk ROP included prethreshold type 1 ROP and APROP.