Computational approaches for identifications of altered ion channels in keratoconus.

Background: Keratoconus is an etiologically complex, degenerative corneal disease that eventually leads to loss of corneal integrity. Cells in corneal epithelium and endothelium express various types of ion channels that play important roles in ocular pathology. This emphasizes the need of understanding alterations of ion channels in keratoconus.

New simulation software to predict postoperative corneal stiffness before laser vision correction.

Purpose: To develop a new virtual surgery simulation platform to predict postoperative corneal stiffness (Kc mean ) after laser vision correction (LVC) surgery.

Setting: Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital and Sankara Nethralaya, India; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Italy.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Twelve-Months Follow-Up Postmarket Study of a Hydrophobic Intraocular Lens Using a Preloaded Automated Injector in an Indian Population.

Purpose: To assess real-world clinical outcomes and safety of the Clareon intraocular lens (IOL) and AutonoMe automated preloaded delivery system in an Indian population.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, 12-month clinical study in patients aged ≥20 years with unilateral or bilateral cataracts. Surgery was performed by phacoemulsification followed by implantation of the Clareon monofocal IOL (CNA0T0).

Optimized Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Ectasia Detection Using Scheimpflug-Based Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Data.

Purpose: To optimize artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to integrate Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography and biomechanics to enhance ectasia detection.

Design: Multicenter cross-sectional case-control retrospective study.

Methods: A total of 3886 unoperated eyes from 3412 patients had Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) examinations.

Phosphoprotein network analysis of corneal epithelium of keratoconus patients.

Keratoconus (KC) is non-inflammatory, bilateral progressive corneal ectasia, and a disease of established biomechanical instability. The etiology of KC is believed to be multifactorial. Although previous studies gained insight into the understanding of the disease, little is known thus far on global protein phosphorylation changes in keratoconus.

Assessment of Localised Corneal Biomechanical Deterioration With Keratoconus Progression.

To evaluate the regional corneal biomechanical deterioration with keratoconus (KC) progression as measured by the Stress-Strain Index (SSI) maps. The preoperative examinations of 29 progressive KC cases that were submitted to corneal cross-linking (CXL) were evaluated. The examinations included the tomography and the SSI measured by the Pentacam HR and the Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), respectively.

Keratoconus: A Biomechanical Perspective.

Purpose: The relevance of corneal biomechanics and the importance of including it in the clinical assessment of corneal ectasias are being increasingly recognized. The connection between corneal ultrastructure, biomechanical properties, and optical function is exemplified by a condition like keratoconus. Biomechanical instability is seen as the underlying basis for the secondary morphological changes in the cornea.

Cornea Classic: Spoerl et al, 2007, the "Holy Grail of CXL".

Corneal collagen cross-linking has established itself as the only known treatment with a proven ability to arrest the progression of keratoconus. The efficacy and safety of the procedure have been entirely due to meticulous preparation by the innovators of this technique, before clinical application was confidently advocated. The article by Spoerl et al, entitled "Safety of UVA riboflavin crosslinking of the cornea," one of the most frequently cited articles in the journal " Cornea ," explains the logic behind the formulation of the "Dresdon protocol" that remains the gold standard in the treatment of keratoconus by collagen cross-linking.

In Vivo Biomechanical Changes Associated With Keratoconus Progression.

Purpose: To assess the biomechanical deterioration arising from keratoconus progression .

Methods: The preoperative examinations of 32 progressive KC cases that were submitted to corneal cross-linking were evaluated. The examinations included the corneal tomography using the Pentacam HR and biomechanical parameters assessed by the Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany).

Evaluation of corneal biomechanical behavior in vivo for healthy and keratoconic eyes using the stress-strain index.

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of corneal material properties in healthy individuals and keratoconic patients using the stress-strain index (SSI).

Setting: Vincieye Clinic in Milan, Italy, and Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Design: Retrospective observational cross-sectional study.

Implications of Diagnostic Drops on Scheimpflug Tomography: The Proper Order for Clinical Testing.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to study the impact of instillation of 1% fluorescein and mydriatics on measurements made by Scheimpflug imaging.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients who had measurements of corneal shape (maximum keratometry and best fit sphere of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces), pachymetry (at the pupil center, corneal apex, and thinnest location), and anterior chamber parameters (depth, volume, and angle of anterior chamber and corneal volume) using the Pentacam HR before and after the instillation of fluorescein and mydriatics. Group A had baseline measurements that were repeated 1.

Reliability of Aqueous Flare Measurements During Uveitis by a Spot Fluorometer.

To evaluate the reliability of intensity of light scatter (ILS) for diagnosing mild-to-moderate uveitis, which is difficult to score by the subjective standardized uveitis nomenclature (SUN) grading. ILS (in millivolts) was measured in healthy subjects and uveitis patients by a custom-made Spot fluorometer. The reliability was assessed by noise analysis of the instrument using turbid samples and intra- and interobserver variabilities.

Clinical, Morphological, and Optical Correlates of Visual Function in Patients With Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to study the clinical, optical, and morphological correlates of visual function in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods: The case records were analyzed for patients diagnosed with FECD between September 2019 and March 2020. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded as decimal visual acuity and converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units.

Clinical Validation of the Automated Characterization of Cone Size and Center in Keratoconic Corneas.

Purpose: To evaluate an automated method for detecting the cone shape characteristics and to assess the cornea specialists' subjective variability of these measures using different maps.

Methods: Topographic images of the anterior and posterior surface of each eye were presented to 12 clinicians in two different types of map: tangential curvature and relative elevation to the best-fit sphere. They were asked to mark the cone center and its boundaries in the two maps without knowing that they belonged to the same patient.

Analysis of Immune Cells on Donor Corneal Endothelium After Corneal Transplantation Using the HRT-Rostock Cornea Module.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the immune cells on corneal endothelium of the graft in patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK), Descemet-stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods: A total of 43 eyes of 43 patients who underwent PK (17 eyes), DSEK (13 eyes), and DMEK (13 eyes) and who did not show any sign of graft rejection were recruited for the study. Patients who underwent cataract surgery (26 eyes) served as controls.

Detection of postlaser vision correction ectasia with a new combined biomechanical index.

Purpose: To validate and evaluate the use of a new biomechanical index known as the Corvis biomechanical index-laser vision correction (CBI-LVC) as a method for separating stable post-LVC eyes from post-LVC eyes with ectasia.

Setting: 10 clinics from 9 countries.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter, clinical study.

Pediatric Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report the technique and outcome of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in pediatric patients older than 6 years of age.

Design: Institutional interventional retrospective case series.

Methods: This study included 5 eyes of patients less than 15 years of age with endothelial dysfunction who underwent DMEK.

Clinical Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of a Trifocal Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lens in an Indian Population.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a presbyopia-correcting trifocal intraocular lens (IOL), AcrySof IQ PanOptix (TFNT00), in an Indian population.

Patients And Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational, single-arm, post-marketing study included 67 patients undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of TFNT00 across five Indian sites. Postoperative outcomes were assessed at 3 months after second eye surgery.

Deciphering the mechanoresponsive role of β-catenin in keratoconus epithelium.

Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal dystrophy characterized by progressive ectasia that leads to severe visual impairment and remains one of the leading indications for corneal transplantation. The etiology is believed to be multifactorial and alterations have been documented in the biomechanical, biochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the cornea. While the exact site of disease origin is still debated, changes in the corneal epithelium are believed to occur even before the disease is clinically manifested.

The effect of refractive surgery on blur thresholds.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure blur thresholds before and after refractive surgery.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary eye hospital in South India. Blur thresholds were measured for 30 young adult myopic patients 1 month prior to and after refractive surgery.

Extreme corneal flattening following collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus.

Purpose: To study the clinical, tomographic and densitometric features of eyes that showed >5 D of corneal flattening following collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus and to identify preoperative predictive factors for such a response.

Methods: This was a retrospective case control study of 548 eyes with progressive keratoconus which had undergone epithelium-off CXL (Dresden protocol) with a follow-up of 1 to 10 years. Eyes that showed ⩾5 D corneal flattening in maximum keratometry (Kmax) following CXL (group A) were compared with one eye of the remaining patients in the same cohort (group B).

Therapeutic Effect of Corneal Crosslinking on Fungal Keratitis: Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking as an Adjuvant Therapy for Fungal Keratitis in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in South India.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of CXL in treating fungal keratitis as an adjuvant therapy.

Methods: Detailed clinical examination microbiological investigation was performed. Twenty fungal keratitis patients were recruited and randomized into two groups: group 1 (n= 11, standard antifungal), group 2 (n=9, corneal collagen crosslinking with standard antifungal).

A new normal with cataract surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.

Cataract is the second leading cause of preventable blindness on the globe. Several programs across the country have been running efficiently to increase the cataract surgical rates and decrease blindness due to cataract. The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a complete halt of these programs and thus accumulating all the elective cataract procedures.