A Computational Study of Phenothiazine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Targeting Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects learning, memory and behavioral turbulence in elderly patients. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors act as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Phenothiazine derivatives are considered momentous anti-Alzheimer's agents because of their AChE inhibitory activity.

Fenugreek Seed Powder Attenuated Aluminum Chloride-Induced Tau Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the aged population and is characterized by the progressive loss of the hippocampal and cortical neurons, which results in memory and cognitive impairments. Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) has been reported to have hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, hyperinsulinemic and anti-diabetic properties. Traditionally, it was used as a galactagogue and to treat anorexia, fever gastritis, gastric ulcers, and various nervous disorders.

Fenugreek Seed Powder Nullified Aluminium Chloride Induced Memory Loss, Biochemical Changes, Aβ Burden and Apoptosis via Regulating Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that mainly affects the cognitive functions of the aged populations. Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.) (fenugreek), a traditionally well utilized medicinal plant ubiquitously used as one of the main food additive worldwide, is known to have numerous beneficial health effects.

TLR2 and TLR4 co-activation utilizes distinct signaling pathways for the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in neonatal immune cells.

Co-activation of TLR2 and TLR4 by gram negative and gram positive bacterial ligands induces a robust pro-inflammatory response in inflammatory cells. In order to understand the signaling mechanism, we aimed to delineate the signaling molecules involved in TLR2 and TLR4 co-activation in neonatal immune cells for the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammatory cytokines. For this, we pretreated cord blood and peripheral blood mononuclear and human mast cells with specific signaling molecule inhibitors such as BAY117082, PD98059 and LY294002 and then stimulated with LPS and PGN and assayed for cytokines IL-6, IL-12/IL-23p40 (Th1), IL-13 (Th2), IL-23 (Th17) and RANTES secretion.

Neuroprotective effect of lycopene against MPTP induced experimental Parkinson's disease in mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the movement of the aged populations. Lycopene is a carotenoid with unique pharmacological properties and its efficacy on experimental Hunginton's disease and brain ischemia has shown intense neuroprotective effects. The present study was aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of lycopene against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced PD mice.

TLR-mediated inflammatory response to neonatal pathogens and co-infection in neonatal immune cells.

Neonates heavily depend on the innate immune system for defence against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a primary line of host defence and play an important role in orchestrating the inflammatory response to invading pathogens. The most commonly infecting pathogens in neonates are E.

Functional characterization of histamine H4 receptor on human mast cells.

Among the four different types of histamine receptors (H1-H4), H4R is predominantly expressed in immune cells and involved in immunomodulatory response. Here, in this study we determined the expression of H4R in human mast cells (HMC-1, LAD-2 and primary cord blood derived CD34+ human mast cells) and characterized its functional properties. Interestingly, we found that human mast cells responded to both histamine (natural ligand) and 4-methylhistamine (selective H4R agonist) for sustained intracellular calcium mobilization, degranulation and cytokine production.

Inflammatory mediators of systemic inflammation in neonatal sepsis.

Objective And Design: Sepsis refers to severe systemic inflammation in response to invading pathogens. To understand the molecular events that initiate the systemic inflammatory response, various inflammatory mediators were analyzed in neonatal sepsis samples and compared with normal samples.

Materials And Methods: We initially measured the levels of the various classical inflammatory mediators such as acute phase proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT)], granule-associated mediators (NE, MPO and NO), proinflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), IL-1β and IL-6), antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-13) and chemokines [IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1)] and novel cytokines (IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-21 and IL-23) using ELISA.

Visceral fat accumulation and postdexamethasone serum cortisol levels in patients with adrenal incidentaloma.

Objective: Visceral fat is a significant cardiovascular risk factor. Because visceral fat has not been measured systematically in patients with adrenal incidentalomas, we have tested the hypothesis that visceral fat volume may be associated with cutoffs for serum cortisol levels post dexamethasone.

Design: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

A unique human rotavirus (non vaccine) G9P4 genotype infection in a child with gastroenteritis.

Group A Rotaviruses with serotypes G1-G4 and G9 are the common Rotavirus types of clinical importance. This study aimed at determining the different Rotavirus genotypes in stool sample of children below 5 years. A total of 300 children with acute gastroenteritis were tested for group specific VP6 antigen of group A Rotaviruses by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Sonographic depiction of the fetal anus and its utility in the diagnosis of anorectal malformations.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic appearance of the fetal anus and its usefulness in diagnosis of anal atresia.

Methods: An anomaly scan was performed in 13,150 patients over 8 years. Gestational ages ranged from 16 to 38 weeks.

Effect of aspirin on serum lipoprotein profile in rats subjected to myocardial stress by isoproterenol.

The effect of isoproterenol on the levels of serum lipoprotein profile were studied in rats. Rats were treated with isoproterenol (200 mg/100 g body weight, sc twice at an interval of 24 hr) for 2 days. Aspirin was administered orally 1.

Health effects of consanguinity in Pondicherry.

Of 1000 pregnant women studied, consanguinity was observed in 30.8%, with a higher frequency among women from rural areas, and among Hindus. In the consanguineous group, first cousin marriages were present in 47.

Invertase activity in the gut of 6th instar larvae of Spodoptera mauritia Boisd. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera).

Invertase activity has been studied in the fore-, mid- and hindgut of the 6th instar larva of Spodoptera mauritia. The highest activity was in the midgut except during the early hours of the larva period when the foregut showed comparatively increased activity. The hindgut invertase activity may be from the voiding of enzyme along with the undigested food.