[XDR tuberculosis, a challenge not just from a medical point of view].

A young patient from Georgia presented with pulmonary XDR-tuberculosis after months of failed treatment in his home country. Based on genotypic examinations of the sputum samples and a Georgian antibiogram the diagnosis was confirmed and an empirical treatment was started. Despite many initial uncertainties and severe side effects over the course of the treatment, for which treatment adjustments were necessary, the therapy was succesfull with clear clinical and radiological response.

in the 21 century.

The occurrence of transient culture positivity for (MTB), known as , poses significant challenges in understanding its spectrum and implications. Here, we report a case of transient culture positivity, oscillating between detectable and non-detectable MTB cultures with minimal radiological features and review the literature on this phenomenon. The scarcity of scientific literature on this subject stems from the inherent impossibility of systematically studying mirage de tuberculose.

Effusive-Constrictive Pericarditis due to Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome following Tuberculous Pericarditis.

• Tuberculous pericarditis is the most common cause of pericarditis worldwide. • Consider the possibility of TB-IRIS in patients with tuberculous pericarditis. • Corticosteroids might be necessary, but there are several caveats to consider.

Mycoplasma penetrans bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient detected by metagenomic sequencing: a case report.

Background: Mycoplasma sp. are well recognized as etiological agents of respiratory and sexually transmitted disease. Mycoplasma penetrans, a species of Mycoplasma sp.

Defining threshold values in microscopic examination and qPCR for optimal performance of line probe assays for resistance detection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

Line probe assays enable rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from clinical specimens. This study shows that defining threshold values in microscopic examination or PCR detection of M. tuberculosis optimizes line probe assay efficiency, thereby avoiding costs and loss of time due to unnecessary molecular testing.

Multilocular Hepatic Abscess Formation and Sepsis due to in a Patient with Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Infection with (YE) typically presents with mild gastroenteritis without systemic infection. However, systemic YE infection has been described in states of iron overload. We present the case of a patient with sepsis with hepatic abscesses due to YE infection.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Miliary Tuberculosis and AIDS: A Case Report.

Background The aim of this study is to present the success of a multidisciplinary approach in a patient with a rare triad of disease. Case Description A 33-year-old patient with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection presented with miliary tuberculosis, consecutive adult respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple-organ failure. An interdisciplinary, time-limited approach combining extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, intensive care therapy, hemodiafiltration, tuberculostatic therapy, steroids, and antiretroviral therapy led to survival despite a low probability at presentation.

Origin of minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in primary HIV-1 infection.

Background: Drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) minority variants (MVs) are present in some antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients. They may result from de novo mutagenesis or transmission. To date, the latter has not been proven.

Multidrug-resistant bacteria in travellers hospitalized abroad: prevalence, characteristics, and influence on clinical outcome.

Background: Worldwide, the burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) is increasing, especially in the hospital setting.

Aim: To explore characteristics and clinical relevance of MDR obtained from travellers transferred from hospitals abroad.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients transferred from hospitals abroad to the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, who routinely underwent admission screening for possible colonization with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (ESBL) and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MR Gram negative).

Experience with daptomycin daily dosing in ICU patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy.

Purpose: For critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), daptomycin dosing recommendations are scarce. We, therefore, retrospectively assessed routinely measured daptomycin plasma concentrations, daptomycin dose administered and microbiological data in 11 critically ill patients with Gram-positive infections that had received daptomycin once daily.

Methods: The retrospective analysis included critically ill patients treated at the intensive care unit (ICU) who had daptomycin plasma concentrations measured.

Human infection with Delftia tsuruhatensis isolated from a central venous catheter.

We present the case of a patient with catheter-related infection caused by Delftia tsuruhatensis, a newly described species closely related to Delftia acidovorans (formerly Comamonas acidovorans). To date, D. tsuruhatensis has not been described as a pathogen.