Mapping cover crop species in southeastern Michigan using Sentinel-2 satellite data and Google Earth Engine.

Cover crops are a critical agricultural practice that can improve soil quality, enhance crop yields, and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from farms. Yet there is limited understanding of the extent to which cover crops have been adopted across large spatial and temporal scales. Remote sensing offers a low-cost way to monitor cover crop adoption at the field scale and at large spatio-temporal scales.

Using Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Planet satellite data to map field-level tillage practices in smallholder systems.

Remote sensing can be used to map tillage practices at large spatial and temporal scales. However, detecting such management practices in smallholder systems is challenging given that the size of fields is smaller than historical readily-available satellite imagery. In this study we used newer, higher-resolution satellite data from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Planet to map tillage practices in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains in India.

On the perception of raga motifs by trained musicians.

A prominent aspect of the notion of musical similarity across the music of various cultures is related to the local matching of melodic motifs. This holds for Indian art music, a highly structured form with raga playing a critical role in the melodic organization. Apart from the tonal material, a raga is characterized by a set of melodic phrases that serve as important points of reference in a music performance.

On the Impact of Granularity of Space-based Urban CO Emissions in Urban Atmospheric Inversions: A Case Study for Indianapolis, IN.

Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cities is a key challenge towards effective emissions management. An inversion analysis from the INdianapolis FLUX experiment (INFLUX) project, as the first of its kind, has achieved a top-down emission estimate for a single city using CO data collected by the dense tower network deployed across the city. However, city-level emission data, used as emissions, are also a key component in the atmospheric inversion framework.

Carbon dioxide and methane measurements from the Los Angeles Megacity Carbon Project - Part 1: calibration, urban enhancements, and uncertainty estimates.

We report continuous surface observations of carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) from the Los Angeles (LA) Megacity Carbon Project during 2015. We devised a calibration strategy, methods for selection of background air masses, calculation of urban enhancements, and a detailed algorithm for estimating uncertainties in urban-scale CO and CH measurements. These methods are essential for understanding carbon fluxes from the LA megacity and other complex urban environments globally.

Matrix effects for calcium and potassium K-X-rays, in fenugreek plants grown in iron rich soils.

The present work comprises the matrix effects study of the plant system (plant and soil) for macronutrients Ca and K with elevated levels of iron in the soil. The earlier derived matrix effect terms from fundamental relations of intensities of analyte and substrate elements with basic atomic and experimental setup parameters had led to iterative determination of enhanced elements rather than avoiding their enhancement. The relations also facilitated the evaluations of absorption for close Z interfering constituents (like Ca and K) in samples of a lot of particular category with interpolation of matrix terms with elemental amounts.

Human papillomavirus vaccination and the primary prevention of cancer: implications for survivors of childhood cancer.

Effective vaccination is now available to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection and the cause of cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women worldwide. HPV vaccine uptake is particularly important for females surviving cancer, who are at high risk for HPV-related complication due to the direct and indirect effects of cancer therapy. Thus, Version 3.

Inconsistent definitions of "urban" result in different conclusions about the size of urban carbon and nitrogen stocks.

There is conflicting evidence about the importance of urban soils and vegetation in regional C budgets that is caused, in part, by inconsistent definitions of "urban" land use. We quantified urban ecosystem contributions to C stocks in the Boston (Massachusetts, USA) Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) using several alternative urban definitions. Development altered aboveground and belowground C and N stocks, and the sign and magnitude of these changes varied by land use and development intensity.

Improvement of methanogenesis from cow dung and poultry litter waste digesters by addition of iron.

When 50MM FeSO4 was added to cow dung and poultry litter waste which had been processed in daily-fed batch digesters, digesters subsequently unfed showed a faster conversion of substrate and overloaded digesters stabilized within 48 h. Early stabilization of digesters was achieved by adding 20 or 50MM FeSO4 though the latter concentration was faster. When 20MM FeSO4 was added to the daily-fed cow dung and poultry litter waste digesters, it increased methanogenesis by 40% and 42%, respectively, and increased the turnover rate of total solids, volatile solids and volatile fatty acids and the number of methanogens.