Publications by authors named "Preeti Agarwal"

Article Synopsis
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs), marked by CD24 and CD44, are linked to aggressive behavior and poor outcomes in breast cancer, with a study examining 75 tissue samples revealing significant correlations between these markers and clinical parameters, therapy response, and metastasis risks.* -
  • Analysis indicated that patients expressing CD24-/CD44+/ALDH1A3+ had higher tumor stages and worse treatment responses, while those with either CD24 or CD44 positivity showed larger tumors and increased nodal burden at younger ages.* -
  • The study emphasizes the importance of these CSC markers as predictors of adverse outcomes, suggesting that their presence is associated with higher rates of distant metastasis and reduced effectiveness of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.*
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The metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma that diffusely invades the bone marrow frequently has a short clinical course and an unfavourable prognosis. This case study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer patients with diffuse bone marrow metastases. The specific clinicopathologic features associated with diffuse bone metastasis from gastric cancer must be given special attention due to the poor prognosis of this condition.

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  • * The condition has a significant likelihood of returning or spreading, necessitating long-term monitoring after treatment.
  • * A case study discusses a 28-year-old male who experienced swelling near his ear for 9 months, leading to a diagnosis of ACC after a parotidectomy was performed, with pathological examinations confirming the tumor type.
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  • The study compared the AJCC 7th and 8th editions of staging systems for patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) who underwent surgery with curative intent, focusing on their ability to predict survival outcomes.
  • It analyzed data from 240 patients, finding that both staging systems effectively distinguished survival rates based on disease progression, but TNM-8 exhibited superior prognostic capabilities.
  • Notably, TNM-8 upstaged and down-staged some patients compared to TNM-7, leading to significant differences in survival outcomes, particularly highlighting a better prognostic performance for TNM-8.
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Objective:  This study aims to assess the histopathological characteristics of the fistulous tissue in males with anorectal malformation (ARM) to determine its suitability for use in constructing a neoanus.

Methods:  This prospective observational study included male ARM patients with recto-urethral fistula. All other types were excluded.

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Monkeypox (MPOX), a zoonotic disease originating in Western and Central Africa in 1970, has seen a recent surge in outbreaks across 100+ countries. A comparative analysis of 404 Monkeypox virus (MPXV) genomes revealed notable changes in microsatellite abundance and density, especially within Clades I, IIa, and IIb. Each clade exhibited unique microsatellite motifs, with twenty-six conserved loci specific to MPXV, suggesting their potential as molecular markers in diagnostics.

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The most recent evaluation of the impacts of UV-B radiation and depletion of stratospheric ozone points out the need for effective photoprotection strategies for both biological and nonbiological components. To mitigate the disruptive consequences of artificial sunscreens, photoprotective compounds synthesized from gram-negative, oxygenic, and photoautotrophic prokaryote, cyanobacteria have been studied. In a quest to counteract the harmful UV radiation, cyanobacterial species biosynthesize photoprotective metabolites named as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs).

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Era, a widely known GTP binding protein found in many organisms including prokaryotes and eukaryotes and plays a significant role in many fundamental cellular processes like cell growth, differentiation and signaling. In (Mtb) HRv, Era protein had been proved as a GTPase protein but its structural and functional insights are still lacking. Through comparative analysis, structural modeling, docking and using various bioinformatic tools, a detailed investigation of Era was carried out to deduce the structure, function and residues involved in the activity of the protein.

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To better understand the structure and evolution of the genomes of four plant pathogenic species of Zymoseptoria, we analyzed the occurrence, relative abundance (RA), and density (RD) of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in their whole genome and transcriptome sequences. In this study, SSRs are defined as repeats of more than 12 bases in length. The genome and transcriptome sequences of Zymoseptoria ardabiliae show the highest RA (201.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been around for more than 3 years now. However, due to constant viral evolution, novel variants are emerging, leaving old treatment protocols redundant. As treatment options dwindle, infection rates continue to rise and seasonal infection surges become progressively common across the world, rapid solutions are required.

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Background Periampullary carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, and despite advances in treatment, its mortality rate remains high. A better understanding of the disease and factors influencing its course and potential therapeutic targets is imperative for improving its overall outcome. Through comprehensive cytogenetic analysis, it has been established that the development of periampullary carcinogenesis involves specific chromosomal aberrations, dysregulation of oncogenes, and suppression of genes in a multistep progressive manner.

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Background & Objectives: Studies have shown that apart from hereditary breast carcinomas, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) mutations conferring to its loss are seen in sporadic breast carcinomas (SBC) as well. The aim of the present study was to assess BRCA1 methylation in females presenting at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, with SBC by both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation PCR with respect to hormonal profile and various morphological prognostic parameters. The primary objective was to look for the association between BRCA1 protein expression and DNA promoter methylation.

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Article Synopsis
  • Arsenic is a harmful element found mainly in soil and water, which can become dangerous for living things when levels are too high.
  • Humans can avoid arsenic by drinking clean water and eating safe food, but plants can’t move and may absorb arsenic from contaminated soil, making them stressed and unhealthy.
  • There are ways to help reduce arsenic in plants, like changing farming practices and breeding better plants, which can improve health and the environment overall.
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CD44 + /CD24 - phenotype has been associated with stem cell-like characteristics with enhanced invasive properties, radiation resistance, and with distinct genetic profiles suggesting a correlation to adverse prognosis in western literature. The aim of this study was to study CD44 + /CD24 - phenotype as an adverse prognostic marker in Indian breast cancer patients.  = 61 breast cancer patients included in a tertiary care facility in India were evaluated for receptor studies (estrogen receptor ER, progesterone receptor PR, Herceptin antibody Her2 neu receptor, CD44 & CD24 stem cell markers).

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  • - This study investigates the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers like beta-catenin, E-cadherin, and MMP9 in gall bladder cancer (GBC), focusing on their correlation with tumor invasion depth and patient outcomes.
  • - A case-control study was conducted with 70 gall bladder samples (50 GBC and 20 chronic cholecystitis), analyzing the expression of these markers through immunohistochemistry.
  • - Results showed a significant decrease in E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and an increase in MMP9 in GBC, suggesting these markers could indicate poor clinical outcomes and advanced disease linked to EMT type III.
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Introduction: Multiple factors alter the microRNAs (miRNAs) at cellular level and promote oncogenesis in oral mucosa. The present study was performed with an aim to find any expression of miRNA-145 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and correlate it with CD-133 immuno-expression, clinicopathological, and demographical variables in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with respect to controls.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective observational study 50 samples from patients of OSCC and 20 from unremarkable oral mucosa were studied.

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Background: Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is the most common invasive malignancy of the female genital tract. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of EEC and mortality related to it have not decreased. Therefore, research is needed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of EEC and its precursors to reduce the mortality and societal burden associated with them.

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Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer (BC)  is a prominent cause of death, with a disproportionately high incidence in developed countries. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been reported in up to 90% of the world's population.  Although the exact link of EBV infection and breast carcinoma is not yet determined.

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Background: Secondary bacterial and fungal infections in COVID patients have been documented during current pandemic. The present study provides detailed account of histomorphology of debridement tissue received for suspected fungal infections. The primary objective was to determine the morphological characteristics that must be recognized for the identification of fungal hyphae.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study analyzed 73 cases, revealing that testicular and ovarian GCTs were predominant, with seminomas being the most common among males and dysgerminomas in females, while benign mature cystic teratomas comprised half of the ovarian GCTs.
  • * OCT4 was found to be a significant immunohistochemical marker for identifying specific GCT types, highlighting the need for a panel of markers for accurate diagnosis that can impact therapeutic decisions and prognostic outcomes.
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Background: Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process with epithelial dysplasia as a premalignant condition. There is a significant inter-observer variation in diagnosing and grading the oral epithelial dysplasia. As human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to have à strong relationship with oral carcinogenesis, using P16 as a biomarker may help in identifying the cells which may be undergoing the malignant transformation.

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Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a key aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozyme, related to the cancer stem cells which are responsible for initiating tumor growth, progression, and recurrence. High expression of ALDH1A1 has been reported in several tumor types in humans and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of the ALDH1A1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its correlation with various clinicopathological parameters.

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Meningiomas are tumors arising from leptomeninges. Malignant counterpart of them is known as anaplastic meningioma which are WHO grade III tumors. Intraventricular location of these tumors is rare and is clinic-radiologically challenging.

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With the aim to alleviate the increasing plastic burden and carbon footprint on Earth, the role of certain microbes that are capable of capturing and sequestering excess carbon dioxide (CO) generated by various anthropogenic means was studied. Cyanobacteria, which are photosynthetic prokaryotes, are promising alternative for carbon sequestration as well as biofuel and bioplastic production because of their minimal growth requirements, higher efficiency of photosynthesis and growth rates, presence of considerable amounts of lipids in thylakoid membranes, and cosmopolitan nature. These microbes could prove beneficial to future generations in achieving sustainable environmental goals.

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