Development of a Genetic Map for Onion ( L.) Using Reference-Free Genotyping-by-Sequencing and SNP Assays.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play important roles as molecular markers in plant genomics and breeding studies. Although onion ( L.) is an important crop globally, relatively few molecular marker resources have been reported due to its large genome and high heterozygosity.

Withanolides against TLR4-Activated Innate Inflammatory Signalling Pathways: A Comparative Computational and Experimental Study.

Innate inflammations are dominant causes of poor health and high mortality. The pathogen-associated molecular pattern and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are sensed by immune cells through activation of toll-like receptor 4 leading to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB activations. Controlled MAPK and Nf-κB inhibitors have been proposed as potential antiinflammatory drugs.

Transcriptome analysis reveals in vitro cultured Withania somnifera leaf and root tissues as a promising source for targeted withanolide biosynthesis.

Background: The production of metabolites via in vitro culture is promoted by the availability of fully defined metabolic pathways. Withanolides, the major bioactive phytochemicals of Withania somnifera, have been well studied for their pharmacological activities. However, only a few attempts have been made to identify key candidate genes involved in withanolide biosynthesis.