Determination of the Accuracy of Transcerebellar Diameter in Estimating Gestational Age in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy.

Background Every antenatal woman and her treating doctor aim for a healthy newborn. In obstetrics, accurately determining the gestational age (GA) is a critical aspect of managing pregnancy and evaluating fetal growth and development. The transcerebellar diameter (TCD) is the greatest transverse measurement of the fetal cerebellum.

Waves of change: Electrochemical innovations for environmental management and resource recovery from water - A review.

Environmental electrochemistry and water resource recovery are covered in this review. The study discusses the growing field's scientific basis, methods, and applications, focusing on innovative remediation tactics. Environmental electrochemistry may solve water pollution and extract resources.

Gustatory dysfunction in euthyroid primary hypothyroidism.

Objectives: The study assessed gustatory functions in patients with primary hypothyroidism who are euthyroid on supplemental hormone therapy with levothyroxine over six months' duration and to evaluate the association of gustatory dysfunction, if any, with the serum TSH levels.

Design: This analytical community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2021, following participants' ethical approval and written informed consent.

Setting: The study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre in Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Therapeutic strategies to modulate gut microbial health: Approaches for sarcopenia management.

Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle and functions associated with ageing with currently no definitive treatment. Alterations in gut microbial composition have emerged as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. Recently, its association with muscle health has pointed to its potential role in mediating sarcopenia.

Outcomes of accelerated collagen cross linking in progressive paediatric keratoconus.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of pediatric accelerated cross linking (CXL).

Methods: A prospective study on progressive keratoconus (KC) cases under ≤18 years of age. Sixty four eyes of thirty nine cases underwent epithelium-off accelerated CXL protocol.

Retinal perfusion density can predict cardiovascular disease risk in patients with retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To correlate microvascular changes and assess the relationship between microvascular changes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Patients over 40 years of age with unilateral RVO were included in this prospective study. Those known to have cardiovascular disease were excluded.

Correction to: Erratic Asian summer monsoon 2020: COVID-19 lockdown initiatives possible cause for these episodes?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s00382-021-06042-x.].

Erratic Asian summer monsoon 2020: COVID-19 lockdown initiatives possible cause for these episodes?

The summer (June through September) monsoon 2020 has been very erratic with episodes of heavy and devastating rains, landslides and catastrophic winds over South Asia (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh), East Asia (China, Korea, and Japan), and Southeast Asia (Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia). The withdrawal of the summer monsoon over India was delayed by 2 weeks. The monsoon season over East Asia has been the longest.

Pre-Operative SARS CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction: A conundrum in surgical decision making.

Purpose: Since the eye is in close proximity to the oro-nasal cavity, transmission of SARS CoV-2 is higher during ophthalmic surgical procedures, it is vital to ensure the safety of the healthcare team by pre-operative Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) and real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS CoV-2 viral RNA of all patients planned for elective or emergency surgery. Hence, understanding the profile of pre-operative RAT and real-time RT-PCR among patients planned for various ophthalmic procedures, will help us make better decisions for future guidelines, for optimal planning of ophthalmic elective or emergency surgeries, keeping in mind the current scenario.

Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study conducted on patients planned for elective or emergency ophthalmic surgeries, who had no COVID-19-related symptoms pre-operatively and were subjected to preoperative RAT and real-time RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal and throat swabs for SARS CoV-2 viral RNA.

Comparative analysis of safety and efficacy of Alcaftadine 0.25%, Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2% and Bepotastine besilate 1.5% in allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of Alcaftadine 0.25%, Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2%, and Bepotastine besilate 1.

Exploring the Lead Compounds for Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 Protein: an e-Pharmacophore-Based Approach.

The rapid spread of the Zika virus and its association with the abnormal brain development constitute a global health emergency. With a continuing spread of the mosquito vector, the exposure is expected to accelerate in the coming years. Despite number of efforts, there is still no proper vaccine or medicine to combat this virus.

Identification of Potential Therapeutics to Conquer Drug Resistance in Salmonella typhimurium: Drug Repurposing Strategy.

Background: Salmonella typhimurium is the main cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans, and treatment options are decreasing because drug-resistant strains have emerged.

Objective: The objective of this study was to use computational drug repurposing to identify a novel candidate with an effective mechanism of action to circumvent the drug resistance.

Methods: We used the Mantra 2.

Impacts of the ENSO Modoki and other Tropical Indo-Pacific Climate-Drivers on African Rainfall.

The study diagnoses the relative impacts of the four known tropical Indo-Pacific drivers, namely, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), ENSO Modoki, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Indian Ocean Basin-wide mode (IOBM) on African seasonal rainfall variability. The canonical El Niño and El Niño Modoki are in general associated with anomalous reduction (enhancement) of rainfall in southern (northern) hemispheric regions during March-May season. However, both the El Niño flavours anomalously reduce the northern hemispheric rainfall during June-September.

Molecular level understanding of resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium associates with the S83F sequence type.

Nalidixic acid is an antibiotic drug used for treatment of Salmonellosis, a gastrointestinal infection. DNA gyrase subunit A (GyrA) of Salmonella typhimurium is the drug target for nalidixic acid. Resistance of GyrA to nalidixic acid, because of a point mutation in S.

Investigation of Nalidixic Acid Resistance Mechanism in Salmonella enterica Using Molecular Simulation Techniques.

The emergence of nalidixic acid-resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium remains to be a major public health problem. In particular, the substitution of Asn in place of Asp at the 87 loci in the GyrA of S. typhimurium was experimentally stated for nalidixic acid resistance.

Evaluation of Flow Rate, pH, Buffering Capacity, Calcium, Total Proteins and Total Antioxidant Capacity Levels of Saliva in Caries Free and Caries Active Children: An In Vivo Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the physicochemical properties of saliva such as flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, calcium level, total protein and total antioxidant levels in caries free and caries active children. The present study included one hundred and twenty healthy children who were divided into two groups; group I and group II comprising of age groups 7-10 and 11-14 years, respectively. Both the groups were then sub-divided equally according to gender.

Assessment of insulin resistance in normoglycemic young adults.

Detection of Insulin resistance (IR) in normoglycemic young subjects before the onset of Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) is of importance as it affords implementation of preventive measures in such high risk subject. Very few studies have specifically evaluated for the presence of IR in younger age group with normal glucose tolerance. The gold standard for investigating and quantifying insulin resistance is the "hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp," the complicated nature of the "clamp" technique, alternatives have been sought to simplify the measurement of insulin resistance.

Darier-Roussy Sarcoidosis Mimicking Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Subcutaneous sarcoidosis (also known as 'Darier-Roussy sarcoid') is a cutaneous condition characterized by numerous deep-seated nodules on the trunk and extremities. Coexistence of sarcoidosis and breast cancer are reported in the literature, but there will always be a chance of misdiagnosis. It is very crucial to obtain a tissue diagnosis of suspicious metastatic lesions.