Effects of environmental factors on host-parasite interaction patterns in backyard-tethered goats of Kerala, India.

The environment is the most important stratum in the epidemiological triad of a parasitic disease and any variations in the environmental factors may decide the dynamic occurrence and existence of different lifecycle stages of these parasites. The present study investigated the correlations between key biometeorological and demographical parameters with the incidence of different gastrointestinal parasites and hemoparasites among goats. Four hundred and thirty-two goats were screened for parasitic infection in a yearlong survey conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, Kerala, India.

Virulent and Multi-drug-Resistant Edwardsiella tarda Infection in Oscar Fish: Unveiling the Threat of Mass Mortality and AMR Dissemination.

The Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) is among the most commonly domesticated and exported ornamental fish species from Kerala. The ornamental fish industry faces a significant challenge with the emergence of diseases caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In the present study, six isolates were resolved from the diseased Oscar fish showing haemorrhages, necrosis, and loss of pigmentation.

Hematological characteristics of autochthonous hypermicrofilaremic dirofilariosis in dogs in Kannur District of Kerala.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to determine whether autochthonous high-intensity microfilaremia leads to haematological changes in companion dogs. Dogs with hypermicrofilaremia presented to the District Veterinary Centre, Kannur were selected for the study. A total of 100 dogs were positive for hypermicrofilariaemia with based on peripheral blood smear examination and Knott's test.

Investigation of antibiotic-resistant vibrios associated with shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farms.

For the sustainable farming of disease-free and healthy shrimps, antimicrobial use is frequent nowadays in shrimp-cultured system. Considering the serious impact of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the present study was focused to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant vibrios among infected shrimps (Penaeus vannamei) from two brackish water-cultured farms. Diverse species of vibrios viz.

Immune gene expression and protective effects in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) immunized with formalin-inactivated cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) vaccine.

The goldfish hematopoietic necrosis viral disease (GHNVD) has led to worldwide economic losses in goldfish aquaculture. The present study has focused on the development of an inactivated vaccine for the cyprinid herpesvirus (CyHV-2) and to check the immunogenicity of the vaccine in the host. The fantail goldfish fin (FtGF) cell line was used in the propagation of the CyHV-2 and the viral titer obtained were of 10 TCID/ml.

Quick hassle-free detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) in goldfish using recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the etiological agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease (HVHND), which causes severe mortality in ornamental goldfish (), crucian carp (), and gibel/prussian carp (). Quick and hassle-free point-of-care detection of CyHV-2 is vital for the maintenance of ornamental fish health. In this manuscript, we describe the development of a rapid and sensitive RPA (recombinase polymerase amplification) assay, coupled with lateral flow dipsticks (LFD), that can achieve sensitive diagnosis of CyHV-2 in goldfish within 20 min at 36 °C with the satisfactory detection limit of 10 gene copies per reaction.

A peek into mass mortality caused by antimicrobial resistant in goldfish, in Kerala.

is one of the serious threats affecting the worldwide aquaculture. In the present study, four isolates were recovered from diseased goldfish, showing hemorrhages, reported with 60% mass mortality in an ornamental fish farm, Ernakulam, Kerala. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic analysis, the bacteria were identified as , and .

Acute insulin-responsive hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia in Theileria spp. infected goat.

Theileriosis can be manifested in appreciably variable clinical forms among domestic ruminants and may often become life-threatening. The present report narrates, the quick remarkable clinical recovery of a lactating goat infected with Theileria spp., exhibiting acute insulin-responsive hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia, by providing intensive therapy.

Hematological alterations in large species infection in dogs of Kannur District of Kerala.

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan intraerythrocytic hemoprotozoan parasites. It is caused by the small (, , and ) and large (, , and ) groups. As per the recent reports, the most prominent species encountered in the Kerala state are the small followed by the large The latter is regarded as mildly pathogenic, causing subclinical or mild disease; however severe complications like systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, etc.

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus-associated large-scale mortality in farmed giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy, in India.

Megalocytivirus cause diseases that have serious economic impacts on aquaculture, mainly in East and South-East Asia. Five primary genotypes are known: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV). ISKNV-mediated infectious spleen and kidney necrosis disease (ISKND) is a major viral disease in both freshwater and marine fish species.

Migratory Gaddi sheep and goats as potential carriers of Theileria infection: a molecular survey.

Theileriosis caused by parasites of the genus Theileria, is a vector-borne haemoprotozoan parasitic disease of critical concern in small ruminants. This study aimed to explore the infection status of migratory Gaddi sheep and goats with parasites from the Theileria genus in concurrence with ectoparasite infestations using molecular methods. Seventy three apparently healthy animals were randomly sampled from different flocks of migratory Gaddi sheep and goats and were systematically screened for ectoparasitic infestations.

Microcapillary LAMP for rapid and sensitive detection of pathogen in bovine semen.

A microcapillary-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (µcLAMP) has been described for specific detection of infectious reproductive pathogens in semen samples of cattle without sophisticated instrumentation. , serovar Pomona and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) cultures were mixed in bovine semen samples. The µcLAMP assay is portable, user-friendly, cost-effective, and suitable to be performed as a POC diagnostic test.

Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from diseased freshwater goldfish.

Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes.

Antimicrobial Resistance analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured in Kerala, India.

Aquaculture of popular freshwater species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), accounts for around 71% of the total global tilapia production. Frequent use of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections in tilapia leads to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To mitigate the issue, proper evaluation methods and control strategies have to be implemented.

Unravelling the menace: detection of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture.

One of the major problems to be addressed in aquaculture is the prominence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The occurrence of bacterial infections in cultured fishes promotes the continuous use of antibiotics in aquaculture, which results in the selection of proliferated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and increases the possibility of transfer to the whole environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, the accurate cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent detection methods are very much crucial for the immediate and proper management of this menace.

Diversity of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens from a freshwater ornamental fish farm.

The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in aquaculture results in antibiotic selection pressure and proliferation of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria. Frequent assessment of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture environment is inevitable so as to reduce the passage of clinically important AMR from aquatic to other environment. The present study analysed the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens associated with diseased koi carp and goldfish from an ornamental fish farm.

Community composition of marine and brackish water ammonia-oxidizing consortia developed for aquaculture application.

To mitigate the toxicity of ammonia in aquaculture systems, marine and brackish water ammonia-oxidizing bacterial consortia have been developed and are used for activation of nitrifying bioreactors integrated to recirculating aquaculture systems. To shed more light on to these biological entities, diversity of both the consortia were analyzed based on random cloning of 16S rRNA gene and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial specific amoA gene sequences. The dendrograms of representative clones on the basis of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis generated 22 and 19 clusters for marine and brackish water nitrifying consortia, respectively.

Detection of multiple organisms based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticle and dark-field microscopy.

Owing to their unique physical and chemical properties like stability, non-toxic, biocompatibility and feasible to modification with various biomolecules, gold nanoparticle has become a versatile nanomaterial in the field of therapeutic, diagnostic and analytical studies. Various surface plasmon resonance based pathogen detection systems, relying on change in colour, have been proposed. However, all the approaches developed so far were designed for the detection of a single pathogen.