Corrigendum to "Multiband rabi antenna using nest microstrip add-drop filter (NMADF) for relativistic sensing applications" [Heliyon 9(2) (February 2023) e13611].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

An exploratory simulation study and prediction model on human brain behavior and activity using an integration of deep neural network and biosensor Rabi antenna.

The plasmonic antenna probe is constructed using a silver rod embedded in a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) ad-drop filter. Rabi antennas are formed when space-time control reaches two levels of system oscillation and can be used as human brain sensor probes. Photonic neural networks are designed using brain-Rabi antenna communication, and transmissions are connected via neurons.

Multiband Rabi antenna using nest microstrip add-drop filter (NMADF) for relativistic sensing applications.

A microstrip circuit is designed, constructed, and tested based on the nest microstrip add-drop filters (NMADF). The multi-level system oscillation is generated by the wave-particle behaviors of AC driven along the microstrip ring circular path. The continuous successive filtering is applied via the device input port.

Optical configuration of an N ∶ 2 reversible decoder using a LiNbO-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

These days when integrated circuit (IC) designers are facing an uphill task in limiting energy/heat dissipation, reversible computing is emerging as a potential candidate with vast application in fields like nanotechnology, quantum-dot cellular automata, and low power IC. Optical reversible logics have turned up to offer high speed and low energy computations with almost no loss of input information when a certain (arithmetic or logical) operation is performed. This paper explores an optical implementation of an optimized Fredkin gate that is employed to design an $ N:2^N $ reversible decoder.

Hall effect sensors using polarized electron cloud spin orientation control.

A silicon microring circuit embedded gold film with unique characteristics is proposed for Hall effect, current, and temperature sensing applications. The microring circuit is operated by the input polarized laser sources, in which the space-time distortion control can be employed. A gold film is embedded at the microring center.

3D-quantum interferometer using silicon microring-embedded gold grating circuit.

A 3D (three-dimensional) quantum interferometer consisting of a silicon microring circuit proposed. The interferometer based on the electron spin cloud projections generated by microring-embedded gold grating. The electron cloud oscillations result from the excitation of the gold grating at the center of the silicon microring by the dark soliton pulse of 1.

Analytical microring stereo system using coupled mode theory and application.

A stereo resonating system, including two cascaded Panda resonators with two small rings is proposed as a microscale active stereo system. The optical transfer functions of the Panda stereo system for two input ports and one output port are derived using the coupled mode theory. The feasibility of the Panda stereo system to realize three-dimensional content is investigated by applying different coupling coefficients and materials to each Panda resonator.

Molecular orbitals of delocalized electron clouds in neuronal domains.

We have further developed the two-brains hypothesis as a form of complementarity (or complementary relationship) of endogenously induced weak magnetic fields in the electromagnetic brain. The locally induced magnetic field between electron magnetic dipole moments of delocalized electron clouds in neuronal domains is complementary to the exogenous electromagnetic waves created by the oscillating molecular dipoles in the electro-ionic brain. In this paper, we mathematically model the operation of the electromagnetic grid, especially in regard to the functional role of atomic orbitals of dipole-bound delocalized electrons.

All-optical wireless wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing using resonant cavity.

The potential capability of wireless wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing can enable the next development of smaller photonic counterparts for network architectures. This paper numerically represents a new design of a wireless transmission in C-band infrared wavelengths within two identical resonant cavities between photonic chips. This system consists of an H1 rod-type two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) microcavity, which can be operated as both a transmitter and a receiver without interfering with the signal in each PhC waveguide.

Introduction to Photonics: Principles and the Most Recent Applications of Microstructures.

Light has found applications in data transmission, such as optical fibers and waveguides and in optoelectronics. It consists of a series of electromagnetic waves, with particle behavior. Photonics involves the proper use of light as a tool for the benefit of humans.

Planning a sports training program using Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization with emphasis on physiological constraints.

Objective: An effective training plan is an important factor in sports training to enhance athletic performance. A poorly considered training plan may result in injury to the athlete, and overtraining. Good training plans normally require expert input, which may have a cost too great for many athletes, particularly amateur athletes.

Analytical and simulation results of a triple micro whispering gallery mode probe system for a 3D blood flow rate sensor.

The whispering gallery mode (WGM) is generated by light propagating within a nonlinear micro-ring resonator, which is modeled and made by an InGaAsP/InP material, and called a Panda ring resonator. An imaging probe can also be formed by the micro-conjugate mirror function for the appropriate Panda ring parameter control. The 3D WGM probe can be generated and used for a 3D sensor head and imaging probe.

Detection of Salmonella bacterium in drinking water using microring resonator.

A new microring resonator system is proposed for the detection of the Salmonella bacterium in drinking water, which is made up of SiO2-TiO2 waveguide embedded inside thin film layer of the flagellin. The change in refractive index due to the binding of the Salmonella bacterium with flagellin layer causes a shift in the output signal wavelength and the variation in through and drop port's intensities, which leads to the detection of Salmonella bacterium in drinking water. The sensitivity of proposed sensor for detecting of Salmonella bacterium in water solution is 149 nm/RIU and the limit of detection is 7 × 10(-4)RIU.

Molecular transport network security using multi-wavelength optical spins.

Multi-wavelength generation system using an optical spin within the modified add-drop optical filter known as a PANDA ring resonator for molecular transport network security is proposed. By using the dark-bright soliton pair control, the optical capsules can be constructed and applied to securely transport the trapped molecules within the network. The advantage is that the dark and bright soliton pair (components) can securely propagate for long distance without electromagnetic interference.

Modeling and analysis of a microresonating biosensor for detection of Salmonella bacteria in human blood.

A new photonics biosensor configuration comprising a Double-side Ring Add-drop Filter microring resonator (DR-ADF) made from SiO2-TiO2 material is proposed for the detection of Salmonella bacteria (SB) in blood. The scattering matrix method using inductive calculation is used to determine the output signal's intensities in the blood with and without presence of Salmonella. The change in refractive index due to the reaction of Salmonella bacteria with its applied antibody on the flagellin layer loaded on the sensing and detecting microresonator causes the increase in through and dropper port's intensities of the output signal which leads to the detection of SB in blood.

Medical image visual appearance improvement using bihistogram Bezier curve contrast enhancement: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Well-defined image can assist user to identify region of interest during segmentation. However, complex medical image is usually characterized by poor tissue contrast and low background luminance. The contrast improvement can lift image visual quality, but the fundamental contrast enhancement methods often overlook the sudden jump problem.

Remote artificial eyes using micro-optical circuit for long-distance 3D imaging perception.

A small-scale optical device incorporated with an optical nano-antenna is designed to operate as the remote artificial eye using a tiny conjugate mirror. A basic device known as a conjugate mirror can be formed using the artificial eye device, the partially reflected light intensities from input source are interfered and the 3D whispering gallery modes formed within the ring centers, which can be modulated and propagated to the object. The image pixel is obtained at the center ring and linked with the optic nerve in the remote area via the nano-antenna, which is useful for blind people.

Fringe patterns generated by micro-optical sensors for pattern recognition.

We present a new result of pattern recognition generation scheme using a small-scale optical muscle sensing system, which consisted of an optical add-drop filter incorporating two nonlinear optical side ring resonators. When light from laser source enters into the system, the device is stimulated by an external physical parameter that introduces a change in the phase of light propagation within the sensing device, which can be formed by the interference fringe patterns. Results obtained have shown that the fringe patterns can be used to form the relationship between signal patterns and fringe pattern recognitions.

High-capacity and security molecular capsule transporters.

Multiwavelength optical capsules can be generated and controlled by using soliton/Gaussian pulses within a nonlinear device system known as a "PANDA" ring circuit and system. The security of molecule/drug transportation can be formed by the strong coupling of soliton-like pulse, where the high-capacity optical capsules can be formed using the multiwavelength solitons, which can be a good advantage and combination of drug delivery to the required targets. Moreover, the multiple access of drug delivery can be formed using the optical networks, which allows the use of various drug molecules with variety of diagnosis and therapeutic applications.

Muscle sensor model using small scale optical device for pattern recognitions.

A new sensor system for measuring contraction and relaxation of muscles by using a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The small scale optical device is designed and configured to perform the coupling effects between the changes in optical device phase shift and human facial muscle movement, which can be used to form the relationship between optical phase shift and muscle movement. By using the Optiwave and MATLAB programs, the results obtained have shown that the measurement of the contraction and relaxation of muscles can be obtained after the muscle movements, in which the unique pattern of individual muscle movement from facial expression can be established.

Optical capsule and tweezer array for molecular motor use.

A generation of optical capsules and tweezers within a modified optical add-drop filter known as PANDA ring resonator with a new concept is proposed. By using dark and bright solitons, the orthogonal tweezers can be formed within the system and observed simultaneously at the output ports. Under the resonant condition, the optical capsules and tweezers generated by dark and bright soliton pair corresponding to the left-hand and right-hand rotating solitons (tweezers) can be generated.

Ultrafast all-optical switching using signal flow graph for PANDA resonator.

In this paper, the bifurcation behavior of light in the PANDA ring resonator is investigated using the signal flow graph (SFG) method, where the optical transfer function for the through and drop ports of the PANDA Vernier system are derived. The optical nonlinear phenomena, such as bistability, Ikeda instability, and dynamics of light in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) PANDA ring resonator with four couplers are studied. The transmission curves for bistability and instability as a function of the resonant mode numbers and coupling coefficients for the coupler are derived by the SFG method and simulated.

Nerve communication model by bio-cells and optical dipole coupling effects.

A novel design of nerve communications and networks using the coupling effects between bio-cells and optical dipoles is proposed. The electrical signals are coupled to the dipoles and cells which propagate within the optical networks for long distance without any electromagnetic interference. Results have shown that the use of optical spins in the spin networks, referred as Spinnet, can be formed.

Acne vulgarism treatment using ultra-short laser pulse generated by micro- and nano-ring resonator system.

Acne vulgaris is adebilitating dermatologic disease, and is conventionally treated by laser therapy using a microring resonator system. An evolving understanding of laser-tissue interactions involving Propioni bacterium acneproducing porphyrins, and the development of lasers to target the sebaceous glands, has led to the development of an escalating number of laser light for acne treatment. The results show that the full width at half maximum of the proposed laser pulse of 0.

Photodetector performance enhancement using an electron accelerator controlled by light.

A new method of photodetector performance enhancement using an embedded optical accelerator circuit within the photodetector is proposed. The principle of optical tweezer generation using a light pulse within a PANDA ring is also reviewed. By using a modified add-drop optical filter known as a PANDA microring resonator, which is embedded within the photodetector circuit, the device performance can be improved by using an electron injection technique, in which electrons can be trapped by optical tweezers generated by a PANDA ring resonator.