Forget-me-not phylogenomics: Improving the resolution and taxonomy of a rapid island and mountain radiation in Aotearoa New Zealand (Myosotis; Boraginaceae).

Island and mountain systems represent natural laboratories for studies of species radiations, but they often present several challenges for phylogenetic inference and species delimitation. The southern hemisphere forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a geologically recent radiation centred in Aotearoa New Zealand, a mountainous archipelago, with about 50 species that are morphologically and ecologically divergent but lack genetic variation sufficient to resolve phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries using standard DNA Sanger sequencing markers, AFLPs, or microsatellites. Many of these Myosotis species are geographically restricted in alpine areas, uncommon or threatened, have polyploid and dysploid genomes, and are of high taxonomic and conservation priority.

A population genomics analysis of the Aotearoa New Zealand endemic rewarewa tree (Knightia excelsa).

Rewarewa (Knightia excelsa, Proteaceae) is a tree species endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, with a natural distribution spanning Te Ika-a-Māui (North Island) and the top of Te Waipounamu (South Island). We used the pseudo-chromosome genome assembly of rewarewa as a reference and whole genome pooled sequencing from 35 populations sampled across Aotearoa New Zealand, including trees growing on Māori-owned land, to identify 1,443,255 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four genetic clusters located in the northern North Island (NNI), eastern North Island (NIE), western and southern North Island (NIWS), and the South Island (SI) were identified.

Discrimination of pollen of New Zealand mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium agg.) and kānuka (Kunzea spp.) (Myrtaceae).

The very similar appearance of pollen of the New Zealand Myrtaceous taxa Leptospermum scoparium s.l. (mānuka) and Kunzea spp.

A large West Antarctic Ice Sheet explains early Neogene sea-level amplitude.

Early to Middle Miocene sea-level oscillations of approximately 40-60 m estimated from far-field records are interpreted to reflect the loss of virtually all East Antarctic ice during peak warmth. This contrasts with ice-sheet model experiments suggesting most terrestrial ice in East Antarctica was retained even during the warmest intervals of the Middle Miocene. Data and model outputs can be reconciled if a large West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) existed and expanded across most of the outer continental shelf during the Early Miocene, accounting for maximum ice-sheet volumes.

Impact of diet on faecal output and caecotroph consumption in rabbits.

Objectives: To assess the impact of four rabbit diets (hay only, extruded diet with hay, muesli with hay and muesli only) on faecal pellet size, faecal output and caecotrophy.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two Dutch rabbits were studied over 17 months. Faecal pellet size and weight were measured in weeks 3, 9, 21 and 43 and faecal output in weeks 10, 22 and 45.

Microsatellite markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) amplify across species.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite loci were developed as polymorphic markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) for use in species delimitation and population and conservation genetic studies.

Methods And Results: Illumina MiSeq sequencing was performed on genomic DNA from seedlings of M. drucei.

Impact of diet on incisor growth and attrition and the development of dental disease in pet rabbits.

Objectives: To assess the impact of four rabbit diets (hay only; extruded diet with hay; muesli with hay; muesli only) on length and curvature of cheek teeth and eruption and attrition rates of incisors.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two Dutch rabbits, randomly divided into four diet groups, had length and saggital plane curvature of the first cheek teeth measured radiographically at 1, 9 and 17 months. Eruption/attrition of the left upper incisor was directly measured at weeks 30, 32 and 35.

Bodyweight and body condition score in rabbits on four different feeding regimes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of four diet regimes (extruded diet with ad lib hay, muesli with ad lib hay, ad lib hay only, ad lib muesli only) on bodyweight and body condition score in rabbits.

Methods: Thirty-two Dutch rabbits were studied over 9 months. Bodyweight and body condition score were recorded weekly.

Food and water intake and selective feeding in rabbits on four feeding regimes.

Diet plays an important role in maintaining rabbit health. Feeding an incorrect diet, particularly a low fibre diet, has been linked with digestive, dental and urinary tract disease. However, food intake and dietary requirements have been poorly studied in pet rabbits.

Contrasting approaches to a biological problem: paul boyer, peter mitchell and the mechanism of the ATP synthase, 1961-1985.

Attempts to solve the puzzling problem of oxidative phosphorylation led to four very different hypotheses each of which suggested a different view of the ATP synthase, the phosphorylating enzyme. During the 1960s and 1970s evidence began to accumulate which rendered Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the novel part of which was the proton translocating ATP synthase (ATPase), a plausible explanation. The conformational hypothesis of Paul Boyer implied an enzyme where ATP synthesis was driven by the energy of conformational changes in the respiratory proteins.

Q fever as a cause of recurrent soft-tissue nodules and abscesses in a child.

A 3-year-old boy from a cattle property in Queensland, Australia developed chronic, multifocal, recurrent subcutaneous nodules and abscesses during a period of 2 years. Serologic and histologic findings and management options are discussed.

First phylogenetic and biogeographical study of the southern bluebells (Wahlenbergia, Campanulaceae).

Wahlenbergia is a largely southern hemisphere genus of at least 260 species; within Campanulaceae only Campanula is larger. This first phylogeny of Wahlenbergia was reconstructed using about 20% of the 260 species in the genus based on the nuclear ribosomal ITS marker and the chloroplast trnL-F marker with samples from South Africa, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Wahlenbergia was confirmed to be non-monophyletic, though most of the species form a clade.

The discovery of oxidative phosphorylation: a conceptual off-shoot from the study of glycolysis.

The origins of oxidative phosphorylation, initially known as aerobic phosphorylation, grew out of three research areas of muscle metabolism, creatine phosphorylation, aerobic metabolism of lactic acid in muscle, and studies on the nature and role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Much of this work centred round the laboratory of Otto Meyerhof, and most of those contributing to the study of aerobic phosphorylation were influenced by that laboratory: particularly Lipmann and also Ochoa. The work of Engelhardt on ATP levels in blood also appears to have been influenced by the studies of Meyerhof's laboratory.

Novel TRPM6 mutations in 21 families with primary hypomagnesemia and secondary hypocalcemia.

Primary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by profound hypomagnesemia associated with hypocalcemia. Pathophysiology is related to impaired intestinal absorption of magnesium accompanied by renal magnesium wasting as a result of a reabsorption defect in the distal convoluted tubule. Recently, mutations in the TRPM6 gene coding for TRPM6, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels, were identified as the underlying genetic defect.

The philosophical origins of Mitchell's chemiosmotic concepts: the personal factor in scientific theory formulation.

Mitchell's formulation of the chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation in 1961 lacked any experimental support for its three central postulates. The path by which Mitchell reached this theory is explored. A major factor was the role of Mitchell's philosophical system conceived in his student days at Cambridge.

The febrile child.

The child with a fever is a common but sometimes difficult problem. The recognition of a serious bacterial infection is usually possible with careful clinical assessment. Occult bacteraemia may be missed and a plan of examination, investigation and management is outlined.

Successful theory development in biology: a consideration of the theories of oxidative phosphorylation proposed by Davies and Krebs, Williams and Mitchell.

The chemiosmotic theory is normally attributed to Peter Mitchell's formulation published in Nature in 1961. However, the essential elements of the theory were published 9 years earlier by Davies and Krebs. Why, then, was this earlier formulation overlooked? The success of Mitchell's theory is examined in comparison with those of Davies and Krebs and of Williams.

Primary infantile hypomagnesaemia: report of two cases.

Objective: To present case reports of two siblings with primary hypomagnesaemia both presenting with seizures, and one also with a cardiac arrhythmia. To briefly review the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management and genetics of this disorder.

Methodology: Published literature reports of primary hypomagnesaemia and studies of hypomagnesaemia in humans.

Efficacy of funnel-web spider antivenom in human envenomation by Hadronyche species.

We describe the envenomation of three patients by Hadronyche versuta, Hadronyche infensa and Hadronyche cerberea (which all are species of funnel-web spider) and the reversal of symptoms by funnel-web spider antivenom. The importance of continuing to administer antivenom until symptoms are reversed is emphasized; all three patients required further doses of antivenom to reverse the symptoms completely. None of the patients had received first aid.

Protection of cell viability and respiratory quinone levels by carotenoid in Micrococcus lysodeikticus (M. luteus).

Viability and respiratory activity of post-exponential phase cultures of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (M. luteus) decreased with time more rapidly in carotenoidless mutants than in a parent pigmented strain. The concentration of menaquinone, the respiratory quinone, was found to be low in carotenoidless mutants and in cultures of the pigmented strain where carotenoid synthesis had been partially blocked by diphenylamine.