Groundwater implications on methane emission from non-sewered sanitation systems in Nepal.

Non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS) are identified as significant contributors of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily due to biological processes occurring within the containment systems. In unsealed or unlined containment systems like pit latrines, the emissions are influenced by moisture. This work quantified the GHG emission from unlined or unsealed containments prevalent in Nepal and compared it with sealed containment-like septic tanks, where the chances of groundwater (GW) inundation are low.

Himalayan watersheds in Nepal record high soil erosion rates estimated using the RUSLE model and experimental erosion plots.

The rising unpredictability in the food supply chain in many parts of the world is related to soil loss and poor agricultural output. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), widely used for estimating soil loss, was applied in the western mid-hills in Nepal, with steep slopes and fragile geology. This region is at high risk for rapid soil erosion and mass wasting.