A Complete Response to Combined Immunotherapy in a Patient with an ATM plus SF3B1 Mutation and a Moderate Tumor Mutational Burden with a High-Grade Treatment-Emergent Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: High-grade treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (T-NEPC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Understanding biomarkers that influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (IO) is vital to form a better therapeutic arsenal for these patients.

Case Presentation: We describe an impressive response to IO combination immunotherapy with ipilimumab plus nivolumab (Ipi/nivo) in a patient with T-NEPC who had failed standard treatment approaches.

Alterations in Sphenoid Anatomy in Craniosynostosis: Implications for Fronto-Orbital Advancement.

Objective: Fronto-orbital advancement involves removal of the fronto-orbital bandeau. Visualization of the saw blade is lost as it passes through the fronto-orbital-sphenoid junction (FOSJ), placing the temporal lobe at risk of injury. We aim to provide a 3D analysis of the space surrounding this osteotomy to differentiate various types of craniosynostoses.

Virtual Reality Planning in Reconstructive Surgery for Orbital Prosthetic Rehabilitation Using ImmersiveTouch Platform: Preliminary Report.

Background/purpose: Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as an effective and intuitive surgical planning and 3D visualization tool. Digital surgical planning is the gold standard for planning the placement of implants in maxillofacial prosthetics, but the field lacks a platform exclusively designed to perform the task. Virtual reality planning (VRP) specific for maxillofacial prosthetics offers the clinician improved control of the presurgical planning and the potential to limit the need to adapt other advanced segmentation software.

Incidence of Sinusitis Postoperatively in Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Maxillary osteotomies as a component of orthognathic surgery disrupt the normal anatomy and function of the sinus. The osteotomy with advancement of the inferior component of the sinus leaves a bony and mucosal opening in the sinus. Immediately after surgery, nasal drainage is impeded because of intranasal swelling.

Optimizing Facial Esthetic Outcomes: Adding Distraction Osteogenesis to Your Classic Orthognathic Surgery Armamentarium.

Classical orthognathic procedures have long been known to improve the facial esthetic contours and proportions of face by restoring the skeletal foundation, on which the soft-tissue drapes. Distraction osteogenesis was introduced to solve complex skeletal abnormalities in patients with craniofacial conditions that could not be solved by classical orthognathic surgery techniques. The gradual expansion in this group of patients showed not only greater skeletal stability, but the expansion at various tissue planes improved the facial appearance.

Airway changes in patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate (UCL/P) after maxillary advancement.

Objectives: To assess the effect on the retropalatal airway (RPA), retroglossal airway (RGA), and total airway (TA) volumes and cephalometrics (SNA, SNB, ANB, PP-SN, Occl-SN, N-A, A-TVL, B-TVL) after maxillary advancement orthognathic surgery in patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate (UCL/P) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: The CBCT scans of 30 patients (13 males and 17 females, 17-20 years old) with UCL/P were evaluated at two time points: preoperative (T1) and postoperative (T2). The interval between T1 and T2 ranged from 9-14 weeks, except for two patients in whom the interval was 24 weeks.

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Plastic and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery: A Scoping Review.

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have evolved since their introduction to medicine in the 1990s. More powerful software, the miniaturization of hardware, and greater accessibility and affordability enabled novel applications of such virtual tools in surgical practice. This scoping review aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the literature by including all articles between 2018 and 2021 pertaining to VR and AR and their use by plastic and craniofacial surgeons in a clinician-as-user, patient-specific manner.

Parental Perception of Oral Health and Oral Health Status of Pediatric Patients Attending an Urban Craniofacial Center.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the oral health status and parental perception of oral health needs of pediatric patients in an urban Craniofacial Center.

Design: This research utilized a prospective cross-sectional matched study design. The data was collected prospectively via clinical oral examinations measuring dental caries experience and gingival health status.

Assessment of the effect of two regimens of milrinone infusion in paediatric patients with pulmonary artery hypertension undergoing corrective cardiac procedure: A prospective observational study.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two different regimens of milrinone in pediatric patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) undergoing corrective procedure.

Materials And Methods: This randomized prospective study included 100 pediatric patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgeries. Group E: Milrinone was started as infusion 0.

Patient-specific Composite Anatomic Models: Improving the Foundation for Craniosynostosis Repair.

Preoperative surgical planning incorporating computer-aided design and manufacturing is increasingly being utilized today within the fields of craniomaxillofacial, orthopedic, and neurosurgery. Application of these techniques for craniosynostosis reconstruction can include patient-specific anatomic reference models, "normal" reference models or patient-specific cutting/marking guides based on the presurgical plan. The major challenge remains the lack of tangible means to transfer the preoperative plan to the operating table.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multi-drug resistant, biofilm forming, human invasive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium SMC25 isolated from poultry meat in India.

Emergence of highly virulent and multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella in food products significantly impacts public health and demands continuous monitoring for their presence in the food chain. The ability of Salmonella to form biofilms under harsh environmental conditions accompanied by MDR serotypes underscores an important food safety threat. This study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize MDR, biofilm-forming Salmonella from local Indian dairy and meat products (n = 60).

Advanced Three-Dimensional Technologies in Craniofacial Reconstruction.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the evolution of three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction and its current applications in craniofacial surgery. 2.

Discussion on Ultrasound Diagnosis of Prenatal Cleft Lip: How does Its Accuracy Affects the Family? Prenatal Counseling for Clefts: The University of Illinois at Chicago, Craniofacial Center's Protocols and Experience.

Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate as well as other craniofacial differences is now possible with a significant level of accuracy due to sonographic and other evaluations. Thus, prospective parents have the opportunity to be informed ahead of time about these conditions making them better prepared to deal with their child after birth. The role of the plastic surgeon and other craniofacial team members in prenatal consultations is becoming increasingly important and well accepted.

Platelet FcγRIIA in immunity and thrombosis: Adaptive immunothrombosis.

Sepsis and autoimmune diseases remain major causes of morbidity and mortality. The last decade has seen a new appreciation of platelets in host defense, in both immunity and thrombosis. Platelets are first responders in the blood to microbes or non-microbial antigens.

Skeletal and Dental Habilitation of Residual Alveolar and Maxillary Clefts.

Management of residual clefts of the alveolus and maxilla requires the coordinated effort of multiple members of the craniofacial team including surgeon, orthodontist, and when teeth are hypoplastic or absent, the prosthodontist to achieve complete habilitation. Such cooperation among specialists begins early in the patient's life and continues through completion of care.Although numerous publications on this topic exist, few present definitive multidisciplinary reconstructive outcomes with longterm results.

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 regulates immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and systemic shock.

Background: Immune complexes (ICs) bind to and activate platelets via FcγRIIA, causing patients to experience thrombocytopenia, as well as an increased risk of forming occlusive thrombi. Although platelets have been shown to mediate IC-induced pathologies, the mechanisms involved have yet to be fully elucidated. We identified that apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is present in both human and mouse platelets and potentiates many platelet functions.

Calcium-induced dissociation of CIB1 from ASK1 regulates agonist-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in platelets.

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) that regulates activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)- and p38-stress response pathways leading to apoptosis in nucleated cells. We have previously shown that ASK1 is expressed in platelets and regulates agonist-induced platelet activation and thrombosis. However, the mechanism by which platelet agonists cause activation of ASK1 is unknown.

Delay in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Repair: An Institutional Review on Cleft Health Disparities in an Urban Population.

Access to specialized medical care is critical to decrease complications and minimize long-term morbidity, yet racial disparities in cleft surgery persist as time to initial reconstruction remains delayed among minority patients. Research has demonstrated an average 3-week delay in surgery for minority patients nationally. A retrospective chart review of patient demographics, visit timing, and surgical history was performed for patients who underwent primary cleft lip with or without palate (CL + P) reconstruction between 2002 and 2016 at an urban craniofacial center.

Three-Dimensionally Printed Hyperelastic Bone Scaffolds Accelerate Bone Regeneration in Critical-Size Calvarial Bone Defects.

Background: Autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard for craniofacial reconstruction despite limitations of donor-site availability and morbidity. A myriad of commercial bone substitutes and allografts are available, yet no product has gained widespread use because of inferior clinical outcomes. The ideal bone substitute is both osteoconductive and osteoinductive.

Use of a Waterproof Camera Immersed in Povidone-Iodine to Improve Intraoperative Photography.

Intraoperative photography has the potential to raise costs and introduce possible contamination but is essential for documentation in plastic surgery. The authors evaluate their use of a waterproof camera immersed in povidone-iodine for taking intraoperative photographs in an efficient manner. A waterproof camera is immersed in povidone-iodine during surgery and photographs are taken as needed by the operating surgeon or assistant without a change of gloves.