Economy-wide impact of a reduction in tobacco use in India.

Background: Public policy measures aimed at regulating tobacco use should consider the net gains for the nation, as the tobacco sector contributes to employment and tax revenue while also imposing substantial economic burden on the country. This study investigates the economy-wide impact of reducing tobacco consumption in India through the implementation of fiscal measures.

Methods: The study uses a computable general equilibrium model based on the Global Trade Analysis Project model and database and augments the same with several country-specific information on tobacco products, to examine the macroeconomic impact of a targeted reduction in the consumption of bidis, cigarettes and smokeless tobacco by 10% by the year 2026 through the adoption of fiscal measures.

Occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their families in India: a scoping review.

Background: Bidi workers and their families are exposed to harmful substances during bidi rolling, thereby jeopardising their health. We aimed to assess existing evidence on health conditions of bidi workers and their families in India.

Methods: We searched nine databases and relevant websites, and conducted citation screening to identify primary studies assessing occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their families.

The Burden and Correlates of Waterpipe (Hookah) Smoking among Adolescents and Youth: A Systematic Review.

Background: This systematic review evaluated the available medical literature on the prevalence and trends of waterpipe tobacco smoking among adolescents and youth in jurisdictionally representative populations.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies from inception until 31 December 2022 that reported the burden of waterpipe smoking among adolescents and youth (10-24 years of age). We extracted qualitative data on the demographic characteristics, burden, and correlates of waterpipe smoking (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022310982).

An Observational Study of the Implementation of the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Policy in India.

Background: Positive portrayals of tobacco use in entertainment media can normalize and perpetuate use. In 2012, the Government of India implemented the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules, a first-of-its-kind comprehensive regulation to restrict tobacco depiction in films and television programs. Two complementary studies were undertaken to assess the implementation of the film rules on television and in movie theaters.

Changes in tobacco depictions after implementation of tobacco-free film and TV rules in Bollywood films in India: a trend analysis.

Background: India's tobacco-free film and TV rules were implemented from 2012. To assess the effect of the rules, we studied tobacco depictions in top-grossing Bollywood films released between 2006 and 2017 and rule compliance after 2012.

Methods: Tobacco incidents and brand appearances were coded in 240 top-grossing Bollywood films (2006-2017) using the Breathe California method.

Revisiting the tax treatment of bidis in India.

Background: Bidi use remains an intractable public health problem for India. This is partly due to the informal nature of the bidi supply chain, including tax exemptions for small producers. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of making all bidis subject to duty and Goods and Services Tax.

Estimating illicit cigarette consumption using a tax-gap approach, India.

Objective: To estimate the magnitude of illicit cigarette consumption in India using a tax-gap approach.

Methods: In the tax-gap analysis, illicit cigarette consumption in India was defined as the difference between total and legal consumption. Data on total cigarette consumption came from two national Global Adult Tobacco Surveys carried out from 2009 to 2010 and from 2016 to 2017.

The Indian Bidi Industry: Trends in Employment and Wage Differentials.

The bidi industry in India is predominantly an unorganized sector. It continues to enjoy tax benefits, arguably, to protect bidi workers' interests and employment. Our objective was to study trends in employment and wage differentials in the bidi industry using nationally representative data.

Economic Costs of Diseases and Deaths Attributable to Tobacco Use in India, 2017-2018.

Introduction: About 28.6% of Indian adults use tobacco. This study estimates the economic burden of deaths and diseases attributable to smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use for persons aged ≥35 years.

Changes in the affordability of tobacco products in India during 2007/2008 to 2017/2018: a price-relative-to-income analysis.

Background: Increasing the price of tobacco through taxation is a very effective means of reducing tobacco use. However, the impact of price increases can be diluted if consumer incomes are growing strongly. The affordability of tobacco products has, therefore, become an important indicator for tobacco control.

Raw and real: an innovative communication approach to smokeless tobacco control messaging in low and middle-income countries.

The evidence on the efficacy of tobacco control messages in low and middle-income country (LMIC) settings is limited but growing. Low message salience and disengagement, in the face of tobacco control messages, are possible barriers to self-efficacy and cessation-related behaviours of tobacco users. Although adaptations of existing pretested graphic and emotional appeals have been found to impact on behaviours, more personalised, culturally relevant and compelling appeals may more fully engage message receivers to elicit optimal behavioural responses.

Study of impurity carryover and impurity profile in Febuxostat drug substance by LC-MS/MS technique.

Febuxostat is used in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Several impurities were detected in Febuxostat drug substance. Impurities were identified with the help of LC-MS/MS and were characterized after synthesis by IR and NMR.