In Vitro Morphogenesis of Tobacco: Modulation of Endogenous Growth Regulators by Tulsi (Holy Basil).

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play a vital role in the induction of morphogenesis in vitro. Synthetic PGRs are commonly used to induce organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from various explants, while natural substances are rarely utilized. This study aimed to enhance the regenerative response in leaf explants using Tulsi () leaf extract and to elucidate the biochemical interactions during modulation of endogenous plant growth regulators, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin, and 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP).

Enhanced In Vitro Plant Morphogenesis of Tobacco: Unveiling Indoleamine-Modulated Adaptogenic Properties of Tulsi ( L.).

The medicinal plant tulsi ( L.) is acknowledged for its invigorating and healing properties that enhance resilience to stress in various human and animal models by modulating antioxidant compounds. While extensive research has documented these effects in humans, the adaptogenic potential of tulsi in stressful in vitro plant systems has not been explored.

Salicylic and Jasmonic Acid Synergism during Black Knot Disease Progression in Plums.

Black knot (BK) is a deadly disease of European () and Japanese () plums caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Generally, phytopathogens hamper the balance of primary defense phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA)-jasmonic acid (JA) balance, for disease progression. Thus, we quantified the important phytohormone titers in tissues of susceptible and resistant genotypes belonging to European and Japanese plums at five different time points. Our previous results suggested that auxin-cytokinins interplay driven by appeared to be vital in disease progression by hampering the plant defense system.

Hormonal Interplay Leading to Black Knot Disease Establishment and Progression in Plums.

Black Knot (BK) is a deadly disease of European () and Japanese () plums caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus . After infection, the appearance of warty black knots indicates a phytohormonal imbalance in infected tissues. Based on this hypothesis, we quantified phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophan, indoleamines (N-acetylserotonin, serotonin, and melatonin), and cytokinins (zeatin, 6-benzyladenine, and 2-isopentenyladenine) in temporally collected tissues of susceptible and resistant genotypes belonging to European and Japanese plums during of BK progression.

Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in cardiac surgeries- A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been used in many studies for providing opioid-sparing analgesia after various cardiac surgeries. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of ESPB in cardiac surgeries. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar to identify the studies in which ESPB was compared with the control group/sham block in patients undergoing cardiac surgeries.

Straw Mulch Induced Indoleamines Alleviate Reproductive Depression in Cold Sensitive Hazelnut Cultivars.

Climate change is forcing physiological changes, especially in temperate trees, in which the reproduction phase has been affected harshly, eventually resulting in poor performance. Erratic fluctuations during the flowering periods, predominantly in cold-sensitive, yet industry-desired (sourced), hazelnut cultivars have been causing at least a 10-fold decline in the nut yield. Indoleamines have been noted to provide protection during such abiotic stress conditions.

Indoleamines Impart Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Improve Reproductive Traits in Hazelnuts.

Hazelnuts have recently gathered tremendous attention due to the expansion of the confectionary industry. However, the sourced cultivars fail to perform in initial phase of cultivation as they enter bare survival mode due to changes in climatic zones, for example, Southern Ontario, where the climate is continental, as opposed to the milder climate in Europe and Turkey. Indoleamines have been shown to counter abiotic stress and modulate vegetative and reproductive development of plants.

Comparative Analysis of Transcriptomes of ssp. Colonizing Resistant or Sensitive Genotypes of American Elm.

The Ascomycete threatens elm populations worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity and virulence are still largely uncharacterized. As part of a collaborative study of the -elm interactome, we analyzed the ssp.

In Vitro Technology in Plant Conservation: Relevance to Biocultural Diversity.

Plant diversity is critical to the functioning of human societies, and evidence shows that plant conservation success is driven by integrative approaches that include social and biological factors. Plants have a unique capacity to reproduce asexually, and propagation practices can yield large numbers of plantlets. These plantlets can be used in several ways to fulfil conservation goals including the repopulation of regions with declining densities of threatened species that hold cultural meaning.

Deciphering the Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Changes during Interactions of Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes of American Elm with .

Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by (), is a destructive disease of American elm ( L.). The molecular mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility against DED in American elm are still largely uncharacterized.

In Vitro Technologies for American Chestnut ( (Marshall) Borkh) Conservation.

American chestnut (), a native species of eastern North America, is an economically important deciduous hardwood tree that has been designated as endangered in Canada. The population of American chestnut trees has dwindled significantly across Southern Ontario due to chestnut blight and many of the surviving trees continue to show blight disease symptoms. American chestnut requires efficient strategies for propagation and preservation for species recovery.

Preharvest Spray Hexanal Formulation Enhances Postharvest Quality in 'Honeycrisp' Apples by Regulating Phospholipase D and Calcium Sensor Proteins Genes.

'Honeycrisp' ( Borkh.), a premium applecultivar, is highly susceptible to bitter pit and decline in quality during long-term storage. In order to enhance the quality, an aqueous composition containing hexanal was applied as a preharvest spray.

Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Yukon Draba (), a Special Concern Plant Species Endemic to Yukon Territory, Canada.

Yukon Draba () is a small, short-lived perennial mustard species that is endemic to southwestern Yukon in Canada. This plant has been categorized as a species of Special Concern. It faces the threat of habitat loss due to natural and man-made causes and a population that is unevenly distributed to a few large and several small subpopulations in the area.

Epigenetic and Genetic Integrity, Metabolic Stability, and Field Performance of Cryopreserved Plants.

Cryopreservation is considered an ideal strategy for the long-term preservation of plant genetic resources. Significant progress was achieved over the past several decades, resulting in the successful cryopreservation of the genetic resources of diverse plant species. Cryopreservation procedures often employ in vitro culture techniques and require the precise control of several steps, such as the excision of explants, preculture, osmo- and cryoprotection, dehydration, freeze-thaw cycle, unloading, and post-culture for the recovery of plants.

Transcriptomics of Improved Fruit Retention by Hexanal in 'Honeycrisp' Reveals Hormonal Crosstalk and Reduced Cell Wall Degradation in the Fruit Abscission Zone.

Apples (  Borkh) are prone to preharvest fruit drop, which is more pronounced in 'Honeycrisp'. Hexanal is known to improve fruit retention in several economically important crops. The effects of hexanal on the fruit retention of 'Honeycrisp' apples were assessed using physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic approaches.

Rootstocks Overexpressing and Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants.

In grafted plants, the movement of long-distance signals from rootstocks can modulate the development and function of the scion. To understand the mechanisms by which tolerant rootstocks improve scion responses to osmotic stress (OS) conditions, mRNA transport of osmotic responsive genes (ORGs) was evaluated in a tomato/potato heterograft system. In this system, was used as a rootstock and as a scion.

Physiological and Molecular Responses of Six Apple Rootstocks to Osmotic Stress.

The growth and productivity of several apple rootstocks have been evaluated in various previous studies. However, limited information is available on their tolerance to osmotic stress. In the present study, the physiological and molecular responses as well as abscisic acid (ABA) levels were assessed in six apple rootstocks (M26, V3, G41, G935, B9 and B118) osmotically stressed with polyethylene glycol (PEG, 30%) application under greenhouse conditions.

An innovative technique for electronic transport model of group-III nitrides.

An optimized empirical pseudopotential method (EPM) in conjunction with virtual crystal approximation (VCA) and the compositional disorder effect is used for simulation to extract the electronic material parameters of wurtzite nitride alloys to ensure excellent agreement with the experiments. The proposed direct bandgap results of group-III nitride alloys are also compared with the different density functional theories (DFT) based theoretical results. The model developed in current work, significantly improves the accuracy of calculated band gaps as compared to the ab-initio method based results.

Improved in vitro rooting in liquid culture using a two piece scaffold system.

Plant tissue culture techniques have been used to propagate horticultural crops at a commercial scale for more than three decades. However, due to the high cost it is generally only used for high value crops. To increase production efficiency and make micropropagation viable for a wider range of species, new approaches to address key steps of the process with high labor inputs need to be evaluated.

The Morphoregulatory Role of Thidiazuron: Metabolomics-Guided Hypothesis Generation for Mechanisms of Activity.

Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a diphenylurea synthetic herbicide and plant growth regulator used to defoliate cotton crops and to induce regeneration of recalcitrant species in plant tissue culture. In vitro cultures of African violet thin petiole sections are an ideal model system for studies of TDZ-induced morphogenesis. TDZ induces de novo shoot organogenesis at low concentrations and somatic embryogenesis at higher concentrations of exposure.

Metabolomics and hormonomics to crack the code of filbert growth.

Introduction: Plants respond to changes in their environments through hormonal activation of a physiological cascade that redirects metabolic resources and growth. In filberts (Corylus sp.), chelated iron promotes the growth of new shoots but the mechanism(s) are not understood.

Saving threatened plant species: Reintroduction of Hill's thistle (Cirsium hillii. (Canby) Fernald) to its natural habitat.

Hill's thistle (Cirsium hillii (Canby) Fernald) is a perennial plant endemic to the Great Lakes region of North America. Hill's thistle is listed as threatened in Ontario and Canada where it is found in globally rare alvar habitats. The main objective of this study was ex-situ conservation of Hill's thistle using in vitro culture techniques and reintroduction of micropropagated plants back to their natural habitat in Bruce Peninsula National Park, Ontario, Canada.

Auxin driven indoleamine biosynthesis and the role of tryptophan as an inductive signal in Hypericum perforatum (L.).

In the 60 years since Skoog and Miller first reported the chemical redirection of plant growth the underlying biochemical mechanisms are still poorly understood, with one challenge being the capacity for applied growth regulators to act indirectly or be metabolized to active phytohormones. We hypothesized that tryptophan is metabolized to auxin, melatonin or serotonin inducing organogenesis in St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.

Development of a reliable Corylus sp. reference database through the implementation of a DNA fingerprinting test.

This DNA fingerprinting test confirmed 195 unique Corylus sp. accessions that were used to build a reference database for identity verification of unknown hazelnut trees from three locations in Ontario. Hazelnut is one of the most profitable tree nuts worldwide.

Direct visualization of location and uptake of applied melatonin and serotonin in living tissues and their redistribution in plants in response to thermal stress.

Melatonin and serotonin are important phytochemicals enabling plants to redirect growth in response to environmental stresses. Despite much research on their biosynthetic routes, localization of their biosynthetic enzymes and recent identification of a phytomelatonin receptor, localization of the molecules themselves has to date not been possible. Elucidation of their locations in living tissues can provide an effective tool to facilitate indolamine research across systems including both plants and animals.