Post-transplant Diabetes Mellitus: What Physicians Need to Know.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common problem among solid organ transplant recipients contributing to morbidity and affecting patient as well as graft survival adversely. It can occur at any period following transplantation, but maximum incidence is observed in the first few months, with a second peak after a few years after transplantation. The pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood, however, it is associated with both dysfunctional beta-cells and insulin resistance.

The Multifaceted Role of Non-human Leukocyte Antigens' Immune Response in Renal Allograft Rejection.

In renal transplantation (RT), human leukocyte antigens (HLA) expressed on donor cells are the principal targets of the recipient's immune system. In addition to classical HLA-alloantibodies, the importance of non-HLA antibodies (Abs) in RT is being increasingly recognized. The majority of non-HLA Abs are considered as autoantibodies as they are directed against cryptic autoantigens of vascular endothelium, which express following tissue (graft) injury.

Lymphomatous Interstitial Nephritis Coexistent with Paraneoplastic Crescentic Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis in a Case of Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare aggressive lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) of B-cell lymphoma, which usually presents in advanced stages at initial diagnosis. Renal involvement in MCL is very rare, especially the combined presence of both glomerular and interstitial disease. We report on a patient with lymphomatous interstitial nephritis (LIN) coexistent with paraneoplastic crescentic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), subsequently diagnosed to have disseminated MCL with bone marrow and lymph nodal infiltration.

Collapsing Glomerulopathy Superimposed on Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by gradually progressive renal failure and proteinuria. Various types of nondiabetic kidney diseases may superimpose on DN, and affect the natural course, prognosis, and management. Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a form of glomerular proliferative injury, characterized by rapid progression and associated with poor prognosis.

Isolated bilateral renal mucormycosis in apparently immunocompetent patients-a case series from India and review of the literature.

Background: Isolated renal mucormycosis (IRM) is a potentially fatal disease affecting immunocompromised hosts. IRM affecting apparently immunocompetent patients is rare, with few previous reports, mostly from India. We describe 10 cases of bilateral IRM with no underlying risk factors.

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a diagnostic and therapeutic quandary!

Background: Proteinuria and renal dysfunction is common in diabetic patients and may occur due to variety of causes. Nondiabetic renal diseases (NDRD) account for 30% of the renal biopsies, and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) is a common non diabetic glomerular disease that can exist alone or in combination with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Immunosuppressants used in iMN may be associated with complications of worsening glycemic control and recurrent infections.

Study of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders in newly detected advanced renal failure patients: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study.

We aim to evaluate the disturbances in mineral metabolism, abnormalities in bone mineral density (BMD), and extraskeletal calcification in newly detected, untreated predialysis stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at a tertiary care hospital in North India. This is cross-sectional observational study. A total of 95 (68 males, 27 females) newly detected patients underwent clinical evaluation, biochemical assessment [serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, creatinine, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)], BMD measurement (at spine, hip, and forearm) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), lateral abdominal radiograph [for abdominal aortic calcification (AAC)], skeletal survey (to look for any abnormality including fractures), and echocardiography [for any cardiac valvular calcification (CVC)].

Childhood lupus with microangiopathic antiphospholipid syndrome and pulmonary hemorrhage.

Background: Concurrent thrombotic and hemorrhagic manifestations are uncommon in patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

Case Characteristics: A 10-year-old girl with fever, edema, rash and joint pains, who later developed deep venous thrombosis (DVT), stroke, thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and pulmonary hemorrhage. Investigations confirmed Antiphospholipid syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.