ApCPS2 contributes to medicinal diterpenoid biosynthesis and defense against insect herbivore in Andrographis paniculata.

Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) spatiotemporally produces medicinally-important ent-labdane-related diterpenoids (ent-LRDs); andrographolide (AD), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAD), neoandrographolide (NAD). ApCPS1 and ApCPS2, the ent-copalyl pyrophosphate (ent-CPP)-producing class II diterpene synthases (diTPSs) were identified, but their contributions to ent-CPP precursor supply for ent-LRD biosynthesis were not well understood. Here, we characterized ApCPS4, an additional ent-CPP-forming diTPS.

Failure of methanol detoxification in pests confers broad spectrum insect resistance in PME overexpressing transgenic cotton.

Methanol is noxious to insect pests, but most plants do not make enough of it to shield themselves from encroaching insects. Methanol emission is known to increase in the instance of herbivory. In the current study, we showed that Aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase over-expression increases methanol emission and confers resistance to polyphagous insect pests on transgenic cotton plants by impeding the possible methanol detoxification pathways.

A prospective longitudinal study of clinical outcome and quality of life assessment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery using sino nasal outcome test-22.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The study was conducted in CRS patients who were treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) after failure of medical treatment to analyze clinical outcome using prospectively collected data through a symptom-based rhinosinusitis outcome measure, the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22). The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the QoL in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis pre-operative and after FESS by SNOT-22.

Giant Pleomorphic Adenomas of Parotid Gland: a Case Series.

The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland in the body. Pleomorphic adenomas (PA) are most common benign tumors of parotid gland. If left untreated, they can gradually attain the size which can weigh several kilograms.

A Prospective Randomized Study to Compare Surgical Outcome Using Wet and Dry Temporalis Fascia Graft in Type I Tympanoplasty.

Temporalis fascia is being used as graft material for tympanic membrane repair for over six decades. Though cartilage with or without perichondrium is also being used for different situations, still temporalis fascia graft is being considered as an ideal graft for tympanoplasty. Earlier the dried temporalis fascia was used as a graft but now freshly taken wet temporalis fascia is increasingly being used as a more 'physiological/ live' graft.

A Prospective Longitudinal Study to Evaluate the Patency of the Aditus ad Antrum in Chronic Otitis Media Mucosal Type.

Chronic otitis media is defined as the chronic inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining lining of the middle ear cleft which presents with recurrent ear discharge through tympanic membrane perforation. The study was planned to evaluate the patency of the aditus ad antrum in cases of chronic otitis media mucosal type, and its correlation with various direct and indirect indicators of blocked aditus. The prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 100 patients with chronic otitis media mucosal type.

Molecular Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Profiling of Genes in Important Cereals.

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient of plants. Plants grapple with a narrow range of B between its toxicity and deficiency. B homeostasis mechanism is required to rescue plants from such a quagmire.

Identification and validation of the wound and insect bite early inducible promoter from .

Unlabelled: A wound-inducible promoter facilitates the regulated gene expression at the targeted site during the time of mechanical stress or infestation by the pathogen. The present work has aimed to identify a wound-inducible promoter that expresses at early time points preceding wound-stress treatment in . The computational analysis of microarray data (GSE5627) resulted in the identification of five early inducible genes, viz.

Unravelling Cotton Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related 1(NPR1)-Like Genes Family: Evolutionary Analysis and Putative Role in Fiber Development and Defense Pathway.

The nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) family plays diverse roles in gene regulation in the defense and development signaling pathways in plants. Less evidence is available regarding the significance of the -like gene family in cotton ( species). Therefore, to address the importance of the cotton -like gene family in the defense pathway, four species were studied: two tetraploid species, and , and their two potential ancestral diploids, and In this study, 12 -like family genes in were recognized, including six genes in the A-subgenome and six genes in the D-subgenome.

Molecular characterization of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and APX-related (APX-R) genes in Triticum aestivum L.

Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) are heme-dependent HO scavenging enzymes involved in myriad biological processes. Herein, a total of 21 TaAPX and six TaAPX-R genes were identified from the A, B and D sub-genomes of Triticum aestivum L. The occurrence of three paralogous gene pairs with unequal evolutionary rate suggested functional divergence.

Distinct defensive activity of phenolics and phenylpropanoid pathway genes in different cotton varieties toward chewing pests.

Identifying the maximum level of inherent defense against harmful insects in natural variation among wild lineages of crop plants may result in high yield tolerant varieties and reducing use of chemical insecticides. However, knowledge of natural cotton genotypes with high insect-resistance is still indistinguishable at the biochemical or molecular level. In the present study, different cultivated varieties were evaluated for their inherent insect-tolerance against two major cottons chewing pests.

Post Parotidectomy Quality of Life in Patients with Benign Parotid Neoplasm: A Prospective Study.

Parotid tumours are not uncommon. The management is surgical for benign and malignant parotid neoplasm. Due to the location of parotid gland and its intricate relationship with facial nerve, cosmetic and functional outcomes after parotid surgery are extremely important.

De novo characterization of Phenacoccus solenopsis transcriptome and analysis of gene expression profiling during development and hormone biosynthesis.

The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis is a devastating pest of cotton causing tremendous loss in the yield of crops each year. Widespread physiological and biological studies on P. solenopsis have been carried out, but the lack of genetic information has constrained our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind its growth and development.

Reference genes validation in Phenacoccus solenopsis under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions.

Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) expression analysis is a powerful analytical technique, but for normalization of data requires the use of stable reference genes. However, suitable reference genes are still not known in the case of Phenacoccus solenopsis under variable experimental treatments. The present study focused on the identification of stable housekeeping genes as a reference for analysis under different abiotic and biotic factors in P.

A novel arsenic methyltransferase gene of Westerdykella aurantiaca isolated from arsenic contaminated soil: phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical studies and its role in arsenic bioremediation.

Elevated arsenic concentration in the environment and agricultural soil is a serious concern to crop production and human health. Among different detoxification mechanisms, the methylation of arsenic is a widespread phenomenon in nature. A number of microorganisms are able to methylate arsenic, but less is known about the arsenic metabolism in fungi.

Transcriptome sequencing of a thalloid bryophyte; Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw) Nees: assembly, annotation, and marker discovery.

Bryophytes are the first land plants but are scarcely studied at the molecular level. Here, we report transcriptome sequencing and functional annotation of Dumortiera hirsuta, as a representative bryophyte. Approximately 0.

Yield enhancement strategies for the production of picroliv from hairy root culture of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.

Fast-growing hairy root cultures of Picrorhiza kurroa induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes offers a potential production system for iridoid glycosides. In present study we have investigated the effects of various nutrient medium formulations viz B5, MS, WP and NN, and sucrose concentrations (1-8%) on the biomass and glycoside production of selected clone (14-P) of P. kurroa hairy root.

Evaluation of total phenolic compounds and insecticidal and antioxidant activities of tomato hairy root extract.

Tomatoes are one of the most consumed crops in the whole world because of their versatile importance in dietary food as well as many industrial applications. They are also a rich source of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and flavonoids. In the present study, we described a method to produce these compounds from hairy roots of tomato (THRs).

Enhanced methanol production in plants provides broad spectrum insect resistance.

Plants naturally emit methanol as volatile organic compound. Methanol is toxic to insect pests; but the quantity produced by most of the plants is not enough to protect them against invading insect pests. In the present study, we demonstrated that the over-expression of pectin methylesterase, derived from Arabidopsis thaliana and Aspergillus niger, in transgenic tobacco plants enhances methanol production and resistance to polyphagous insect pests.

Pectin methylesterase of Datura species, purification, and characterization from Datura stramonium and its application.

Pectin methylesterases (PME; EC 3.1.1.

RNA interference for the control of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) by oral route.

RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing was explored for the control of sap-sucking pest Bemisia tabaci, commonly known as whitefly. dsRNAs and siRNAs were synthesized from five different genes - actin ortholog, ADP/ATP translocase, alpha-tubulin, ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) and V-ATPase A subunit. A simplified insect bioassay method was developed for the delivery of ds/siRNA through the oral route, and efficacy was evaluated.

Interaction of Allium sativum leaf agglutinin with midgut brush border membrane vesicles proteins and its stability in Helicoverpa armigera.

Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL) binds to several proteins in the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera and causes toxicity. Most of these were glycosylated. Six ASAL-binding proteins were selected for identification.

Identification of Comamonas species using 16S rRNA gene sequence.

A bacterial strain Bz02 was isolated from a water sample collected from river Gomti at the Indian city of Lucknow. We characterized the strain using 16S rRNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with members of the genus Comamonas.

Identification of regulatory elements in 16S rRNA gene of Acinetobacter species isolated from water sample.

A bacterial strain, designated AcBz01, was isolated from a water sample collected from Gomti River, Lucknow, India, and identified using a molecular approach. On the basis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny and comparison of this gene sequence with sequences in Ribosomal Database project II, evidence given in this study, it is proposed that isolate is closely related to members of the genus Acinetobacter. Identification and annotation of regulatory elements in the 16S rRNA gene and characterization of their interaction with the respective transcription factor can provide basis for better understanding of the mechanism of network of gene interaction of functionally related genes.