Subsequent development of Kawasaki disease following acute human adenovirus infection among siblings.

We report a middle-childhood girl presented with high-grade fever and headache for 4 days. Following this, the child developed mucocutaneous symptoms. She had a notable family history of autoimmune disease.

Usefulness of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children.

Context: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is now important investigation in children. Although endoscopy is used routinely by pediatric surgeons, there are no recent Indian studies which have evaluated endoscopy within a Department of Pediatric Surgery.

Aims: It was done with the aim to define the diagnostic value of upper GI endoscopy and evaluate the outcome.

Pellagra in a child--a rare entity.

This case has been presented as pellagra, which is very rare in children. Pellagra is due dietary deficiency of niacin. Usually seen in alcoholics, malabsorption syndromes occur very rarely in children.

Neck swelling in a newborn with congenital goiter.

Congenital goiter presenting in the newborn period is very rare. We present a case of primary hypothyroidism presenting as congenital goiter in the newborn period with symptoms in the immediate postnatal life. Hormone replacement therapy was started leading to normal levels of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

Intravenous artesunate for transfusion-transmitted plasmodium vivax malaria in a preterm neonate.

Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) in neonates is rare. TTM can occur in both endemic and nonendemic areas because the current tests used to screen the donor blood for malaria are unreliable when there is low parasitemia. Malaria must be considered as an important differential diagnosis for neonatal sepsis after exchange transfusion.

Unusual cause of abdominal pain in pediatric emergency medicine.

Atypical manifestations of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection include ascites, pleural effusion, acute renal failure, aplastic anemia, and neurological manifestations. Although association of HAV and acute cholecystitis is known, presentation of hepatitis A infection with acute cholecystitis has not been reported in pediatric emergency medicine literature. Primary acute acalculous cholecystitis in children is rare and commonly attributed to systemic infections.

Hemoglobin J--as a cause of congenital hemolytic anemia.

Hemoglobin-J is a rare hemoglobin variant known to be clinically silent most of the times, only to be detected accidentally. Herein, the authors report a case of Hemoglobin-J manifesting as unstable hemoglobin detected during evaluation of hemolytic anemia in an 8 month-old-infant. Cation Exchange-High Performance Liquid Chromatography(CE-HPLC) was used to identify this variant after Hb electrophoresis was reported to be normal.