Mitochondrial detachment of hexokinase 1 in mood and psychotic disorders: implications for brain energy metabolism and neurotrophic signaling.

The pathophysiology of mood and psychotic disorders, including unipolar depression (UPD), bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SCHZ), is largely unknown. Numerous studies, from molecular to neuroimaging, indicate that some individuals with these disorders have impaired brain energy metabolism evidenced by abnormal glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Evaluation of retention protocols among members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States.

Introduction: Little research has been conducted to evaluate protocols and trends in orthodontic retention. The purpose of this study was to identify the general retention protocols used by orthodontists in the United States. Additionally, our goal was to identify trends in these orthodontic retention protocols by evaluating how they have changed over the past 5 years and how they might continue to change in the next 5 years.

How does network structure affect partnerships for promoting physical activity? Evidence from Brazil and Colombia.

The objective of this study was to describe the network structure and factors associated with collaboration in two networks that promote physical activity (PA) in Brazil and Colombia. Organizations that focus on studying and promoting PA in Brazil (35) and Colombia (53) were identified using a modified one-step reputational snowball sampling process. Participants completed an on-line survey between December 2008 and March 2009 for the Brazil network, and between April and June 2009 for the Colombia network.

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with physical activity, active commuting to school, and screen time.

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with physical activity, time spent watching television and using computer, mode of commuting to school (CS), and adiposity, by gender.

Methods: Participants were 1708 students (53.8% girls), aged 11 to 19 years.

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents With Physical Activity, Active Commuting to School, and Screen Time.

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with physical activity, time spent watching television and using computer, mode of commuting to school (CS), and adiposity, by gender.

Methods: Participants were 1708 students (53.8% girls), aged 11 to 19 years.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and DNA adduct semi-quantitation in archived human tissues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are combustion products of organic materials, mixtures of which contain multiple known and probable human carcinogens. PAHs occur in indoor and outdoor air, as well as in char-broiled meats and fish. Human exposure to PAHs occurs by inhalation, ingestion and topical absorption, and subsequently formed metabolites are either rendered hydrophilic and excreted, or bioactivated and bound to cellular macromolecules.

Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior.

Self-control is generally viewed as highly desirable. In the eating behavior domain, however, the dominance of restraint theory has made the proposition that individuals should attempt to control their eating more controversial. This review discusses evidence from the dietary restraint literature and from studies of self-regulation processes to examine how far self-imposed control around food can be seen as beneficial for effective weight management.

Patient compliance with orthodontic retainers in the postretention phase.

Introduction: Retention is an important, even critical, component of orthodontic treatment. There is little research on practice protocols and patient compliance with long-term or short-term retention. This lack of information leaves our specialty with many opinions and practice protocols.

The descriptive epidemiology of sitting. A 20-country comparison using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

Background: Recent epidemiologic evidence points to the health risks of prolonged sitting, that are independent of physical activity, but few papers have reported the descriptive epidemiology of sitting in population studies with adults.

Purpose: This paper reports the prevalence of "high sitting time" and its correlates in an international study in 20 countries.

Methods: Representative population samples from 20 countries were collected 2002-2004, and a question was asked on usual weekday hours spent sitting.

Family-related predictors of body weight and weight-related behaviours among children and adolescents: a systematic umbrella review.

This umbrella review analysed the relationships between family variables and child/adolescent body weight, diet and physical activity. In line with theories of health behaviour change, it was assumed that behaviour-specific family variables (i.e.

The addition of raspberries and blueberries to a starch-based food does not alter the glycaemic response.

It is now known that health benefits associated with diets rich in fruit and vegetables may be partly derived from intake of polyphenols. Berry polyphenols may influence carbohydrate metabolism and absorption and hence postprandial glycaemia. To date, studies related to polyphenol effects on the glycaemic response have been completed only in liquids using either monosaccharides or disaccharides.

Development of a highly sensitive genus-specific quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR assay for detection and quantitation of plasmodium by amplifying RNA and DNA of the 18S rRNA genes.

A highly sensitive genus-specific quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay for detection of Plasmodium has been developed. The assay amplifies total nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) of the 18S rRNA genes with a limit of detection of 0.002 parasite/μl using cultured synchronized ring stage 3D7 parasites.

Positive patch test reactions in older individuals: retrospective analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 1994-2008.

Background: Relatively little is known about the epidemiology of allergic contact dermatitis in older individuals.

Objectives: We sought to determine the frequency of positive and clinically relevant patch test reactions in older individuals (≥ 65 years old) referred for patch testing, and to compare these results with those of adults (≤ 64-19 years) and children (<18 years).

Design: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data from 1994 to 2008.

Chemical reporters for fluorescent detection and identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins reveal glycosylation of the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1.

The dynamic modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by the monosaccharide N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) continues to emerge as an important regulator of many biological processes. Herein we describe the development of an alkynyl-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNAlk) as a new chemical reporter of O-GlcNAc modification in living cells. This strategy is based on metabolic incorporation of reactive functionality into the GlcNAc biosynthetic pathway.

Intimacy in young adults' narratives of romance and friendship predicts Eriksonian generativity: a mixed method analysis.

A quantitative and qualitative study tested Erikson's ego developmental hypotheses regarding the positive relationship between generativity and intimacy. At age 26, participants (N = 100) told 2 stories about "relationship-defining moments," one about a romantic partner, and another about a same-sex friend. Levels of relationship intimacy were coded from these narratives.

Robust in-gel fluorescence detection of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation.

Mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is a common post translational modification of cell-surface and secretory pathway proteins and is implicated in vital biological processes as well as human disease. We report here the use of the metabolic chemical reporter GalNAz along with Cu(I)-catalyzed [3+2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition conditions for the robust, in-gel fluorescent visualization of mucin-type O-linked glycoproteins.

Acrylate contact allergy: patient characteristics and evaluation of screening allergens.

Background: Acrylates are present in a wide variety of products and cause occupational and non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis. There is no clear guidance from the literature as to which allergens should be used for patch-test screening for acrylates.

Objectives: To characterize patients with contact allergy to acrylates and to evaluate the allergens used to screen for acrylate allergy.

No observable differences in glycemic response to maltitol in human subjects from 3 ethnically diverse groups.

Consumption of a low glycemic index (GI) diet may be helpful in the management and prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The investigation of GI has been predominantly confined to white subjects. We hypothesized that differences in glycemic response (GR) may be observable in subjects of different ethnic origin.

Anxiety profiles in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.

Previous work has highlighted that children diagnosed with DCD may be at risk of greater problems related to emotional wellbeing. However, to date much work has relied on population based samples, and anxiety has not been examined within a group of children given a clinical diagnosis of DCD. Additionally, the profile of individual differences has generally not been considered within this group.

How do I love thee? Let me count the ways: parenting during adolescence, attachment styles, and romantic narratives in emerging adulthood.

In this longitudinal study, a quantitative and qualitative examination of the associations among parent-child relations, adult attachment styles, and relationship quality and theme in romantic narratives was conducted. Parenting and adult attachment style were assessed through questionnaires, whereas overall quality of romantic relationships (regard and importance), intimacy, and romantic story theme were examined with a life story approach (McAdams, 1993). At ages 17 and 26 years, 100 participants completed a series of questionnaires and also, at age 26, told a story about a "relationship-defining moment" with a romantic partner.

Perceived environmental correlates of physical activity for leisure and transportation in Curitiba, Brazil.

Background: Physical activity (PA) has consistently been associated with perceived environmental characteristics.

Objective: To examine the association between perceived environmental attributes and various forms of PA in Curitiba, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional phone survey of adults was conducted in 2008 (n=2097).

Seasonal variations in the levels of PAH-DNA adducts in young adults living in Mexico City.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous components of polluted air. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), one of the most densely populated areas in the world, is 2240 m above sea level. At this altitude, less oxygen is available, making combustion less efficient and therefore producing more PAH pollutants.

A-CD estrogens. I. Substituent effects, hormone potency, and receptor subtype selectivity in a new family of flexible estrogenic compounds.

Long-term use of estrogen supplements by women leads to an increased risk of breast and uterine cancers. Possible mechanisms include metabolism of estradiol and compounds related to tumor-initiating quinones, and ligand-induced activation of the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ which can cause cancer cell proliferation, depending on the ratio of receptors present. One therapeutic goal would be to create a spectrum of compounds of variable potency for ERα and ERβ, which are resistant to quinone formation, and to determine an optimum point in this spectrum.