Groundwater implications on methane emission from non-sewered sanitation systems in Nepal.

Non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS) are identified as significant contributors of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily due to biological processes occurring within the containment systems. In unsealed or unlined containment systems like pit latrines, the emissions are influenced by moisture. This work quantified the GHG emission from unlined or unsealed containments prevalent in Nepal and compared it with sealed containment-like septic tanks, where the chances of groundwater (GW) inundation are low.

Field-based methods for measuring greenhouse gases emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review of published literature.

On-site sanitation systems (OSS) are a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although efforts have been made recently to measure and quantify emissions from septic tanks using various field-based methods, the vast majority of published literature reporting GHG emissions from OSS units (e.g.