Impact of various detergent-based immersion and perfusion decellularization strategies on the novel caprine pancreas derived extracellular matrix scaffold.

Limited availability of the organs donors has facilitated the establishment of xenogeneic organ sources for transplantation. Numerous studies have decellularized several organs and assessed their implantability in order to provide such organs. Among all the decellularized organs studies for xenotransplantation, the pancreas has garnered very limited amount of research.

Distinct evolution of type I glutamine synthetase in Plasmodium and its species-specific requirement.

Malaria parasite lacks canonical pathways for amino acid biosynthesis and depends primarily on hemoglobin degradation and extracellular resources for amino acids. Interestingly, a putative gene for glutamine synthetase (GS) is retained despite glutamine being an abundant amino acid in human and mosquito hosts. Here we show Plasmodium GS has evolved as a unique type I enzyme with distinct structural and regulatory properties to adapt to the asexual niche.

Establishment of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold derived from caprine pancreas as a novel alternative template over porcine pancreatic scaffold for prospective biomedical application.

In this study, the caprine pancreas has been presented as an alternative to the porcine organ for pancreatic xenotransplantation with lesser risk factors. The obtained caprine pancreas underwent a systematic cycle of detergent perfusion for decellularization. It was perfused using anionic (0.

Genetic surveillance in the Greater Mekong subregion and South Asia to support malaria control and elimination.

Background: National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrating simple sample collection procedures in routine public health procedures.

Methods: Samples from symptomatic patients are processed by SpotMalaria, a high-throughput system that produces a comprehensive set of genotypes comprising several drug resistance markers, species markers and a genomic barcode.

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variants induce cell swelling and disrupt the blood-brain barrier in cerebral malaria.

Cerebral malaria (CM) is caused by the binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) to the brain microvasculature, leading to inflammation, vessel occlusion, and cerebral swelling. We have previously linked dual intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)- and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)-binding P. falciparum parasites to these symptoms, but the mechanism driving the pathogenesis has not been identified.

Escherichia coli, a common constituent of benign prostate hyperplasia-associated microbiota induces inflammation and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells.

Background: The role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), especially in creating an inflammatory milieu may not be avoided. The major objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial composition of BPH tissues, its association with inflammation and check the effect of clinically isolated bacteria on prostate epithelial cells.

Methods: The study includes 36 patients with a pathological diagnosis of BPH.

Triple artemisinin-based combination therapies versus artemisinin-based combination therapies for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a multicentre, open-label, randomised clinical trial.

Background: Artemisinin and partner-drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum are major threats to malaria control and elimination. Triple artemisinin-based combination therapies (TACTs), which combine existing co-formulated ACTs with a second partner drug that is slowly eliminated, might provide effective treatment and delay emergence of antimalarial drug resistance.

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, randomised trial, we recruited patients with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria at 18 hospitals and health clinics in eight countries.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances prostate cancer metastasis potentially through NF-κB activation and recurrent dexamethasone administration fails to suppress it in vivo.

Background: Previous studies have shown the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on enhanced cancer cells' growth and metastasis. However, the effect of LPS on prostate cancer (PCa) cells metastasis has not been investigated in details. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of LPS on PCa cells metastasis and determine the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on this event.

The sensitivity and specificity of a urine based Rapid Diagnostic Test for the diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum in a malaria endemic area in Odisha, India.

Background: Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial in the treatment of malaria. Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) using blood have been recommended by the WHO as an acceptable method for the diagnosis of malaria. RDTs provide results quickly, is simple to use and easy to interpret.

Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in an industrial belt of India.

The present study is done to study different aspects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) such as its prevalence, association with upper gastrointestinal pathology, diagnosis and treatment outcome. Gastric antral biopsy and serology for H.

Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria: new diagnostic tools, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.

Cerebral malaria is a severe neuropathological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. It results in high mortality and post-recovery neuro-cognitive disorders in children, even after appropriate treatment with effective anti-parasitic drugs. While the complete landscape of the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria still remains to be elucidated, numerous innovative approaches have been developed in recent years in order to improve the early detection of this neurological syndrome and, subsequently, the clinical care of affected patients.

Comparing Leishman and Giemsa staining for the assessment of peripheral blood smear preparations in a malaria-endemic region in India.

Background: Microscopy of peripheral blood thin and thick films remains the reference for malaria diagnosis. Although Giemsa staining is most commonly used, the Leishman staining method provides better visualization of the nuclear chromatin pattern of cells. It is less well known whether accuracy of parasitaemia assessment is equally accurate with the latter method.

Abdominal scar endometriosis.

Abdominal scar endometriosis is very rare. We report a case of abdominal scar endometriosis in a 32-year-old woman presented with a blue lesion over the abdominal scar for 7 months. She had history of intermittent dull aching pain over the scar for 5 years.

Primary appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Primary Adenocarcinomas of the appendix are extremely rare tumor. We report a case of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma in a 40 year old lady misdiagnosed as having acute appendicitis. All the routine investigations were within normal limit.

Adult filarial worm in the tissue section of a breast lump.

Filariasis is a global health hazard. Incidence of filariasis is remarkably high in Indian sub continent. Apart from typical cases it is not common to find microfilaria and adult worm in tissue section and needle aspiration of the breast lump.