Publications by authors named "Pratima Murthy"

Introduction: Tobacco consumption is a leading cause of mortality globally. Eighty percent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this, there is a large treatment gap due to both demand and supply-side barriers.

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Background: The current study aimed to develop and implement the National Assistance in Mental Health for Health Care Providers (NAMAH) module, which focused on wellness and building resilience for a cohort of physicians.

Methods: The NAMAH module is a 12-week tele-mentoring program leveraging videoconference technology that uses the ECHO (Extension of Community Healthcare Outcome) HUB and SPOKE and consists of real-life case discussions and a brief didactic. The module's content was developed after iterative feedback from experts and incorporated suggestions from healthcare providers (HCPs) following a needs assessment.

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Background: People with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have varied needs while they seek treatment. Understanding and focusing on the needs will improve treatment outcomes. The objective of the study is to qualitatively assess the treatment-related needs of patients with AUDs admitted to a tertiary care treatment center.

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Article Synopsis
  • This review discusses the evolution and current situation of psychiatry education in India, highlighting historical changes, ongoing training practices, and challenges faced by the system.
  • It utilizes published literature and documents from important organizations like the Indian Psychiatric Society and the National Medical Commission to gather insights.
  • A key finding is that while psychiatry training has improved significantly, there is a critical need for structured training in teaching and leadership for resident doctors transitioning to faculty roles, leading to a recommendation for a comprehensive faculty development program.
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Introduction: An estimated 78% of the total deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in 2019. In addition, smokeless tobacco increases the risk of all-cause mortality, all cancers including upper aero-digestive tract cancer, stomach cancer, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke; with 88% of the mortality burden being borne by the South-East Asian region. Evidence-based interventions from high income countries (HICs) are not easily transferable to LMICs, as patterns of tobacco use, health beliefs associated with tobacco use, and awareness of specific health risks vary substantially.

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  • The study aimed to understand how COVID-19 affected patients with mental illnesses in a specialized neuropsychiatric setting by analyzing a group of 100 patients from June 2020 to June 2022.
  • The majority of patients had schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder, with most requiring antipsychotics; 56% experienced mild symptoms while 38% were asymptomatic.
  • The research highlighted the need for specialized psychiatric care for COVID-19 patients with mental health issues, due to the complexity of their symptoms and medical management challenges.
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As technology continues to play an integral role in our daily lives, concerns regarding the appropriate and healthy use of screen time have prompted health organizations and authorities worldwide to establish guidelines and recommendations. This paper comprehensively summarizes existing recommendations and guidelines for screen time use from various countries, highlighting key similarities, differences, and emerging trends. However, there is a dire need to expand the existing repertoire of guidelines and recommendations to different age groups and strategies depending on user engagement for healthy screen time use.

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Introduction: India is the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world and accounts for 70% of global deaths due to smokeless tobacco (SLT) use.

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand the perspectives of tobacco users (smokers and SLT users) and practitioners in India to inform cessation interventions.

Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with tobacco users (smoked and smokeless; n=23), and healthcare practitioners (n=13).

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Article Synopsis
  • The research investigates the effects of a six-month yoga intervention combined with standard treatment for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), focusing on both clinical outcomes like abstinence and pain reduction, as well as underlying mechanisms such as brain activation and hormone levels.
  • A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with 164 OUD patients in India, who will be divided into two groups: one receiving yoga plus standard treatment and the other receiving only standard treatment ("waitlist" group).
  • The yoga group will participate in initial in-person sessions followed by remote sessions over six months, with assessments taking place at various intervals to evaluate effectiveness and outcomes on stress, anxiety, and overall functioning.
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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the odds of alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Aim: To study the ACEs, coping, and resilience in persons with AUD and their non-drinking siblings from high-density families.

Methods: The study used a case-control study design.

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Background: In the early 20 century, psychosurgery had gained worldwide popularity for treating mentally ill persons, especially in western countries. We attempt to chronicle its journey in the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (MGMH), now the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru.

Methods: Archived case records and registers of patients admitted from 1939 to 1947 were reviewed to identify those who had undergone psychosurgery.

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Background: Several factors shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory. A key area of focus in neurodevelopmental research is to estimate the factors that have maximal influence on the brain and can tip the balance from typical to atypical development.

Methods: Utilizing a dissimilarity maximization algorithm on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the resting state functional MRI data, we classified subjects from the cVEDA neurodevelopmental cohort ( = 987, aged 6-23 years) into homogeneously patterned DMD (representing typical development in 809 subjects) and heterogeneously patterned DMD (indicative of atypical development in 178 subjects).

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  • A pilot trial was conducted in India to test the effectiveness and acceptability of a text messaging intervention (ToQuit) aimed at helping tobacco users quit, compared to a control group that received information on cessation helplines.
  • The study involved 98 adult tobacco users, and although there was no significant difference in abstinence rates between the two groups, the intervention showed a slight favorable trend for quitting.
  • Participants found the messaging intervention helpful, appreciating its clarity and relevance, which contributed to their overall satisfaction and perceived positive impact on their lives.
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Chronic oral abuse of naphthalene balls is extremely rare. It is associated with different types of metabolic toxicity, neurological deficits and multiple organ failure. However, the psychological implication of naphthalene abuse is poorly understood.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Substance use often serves as a coping mechanism for individuals trying to escape the negative emotions associated with their EMSs.
  • * Incorporating schema therapy into treatment plans could enhance therapy practices by addressing both substance use and EMSs through an integrated approach that combines cognitive, behavioral, and experiential techniques.
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Introduction: People with severe mental illness (SMI) tend to die early due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which may be linked to tobacco use. There is limited information on tobacco use in people with SMI in low- and middle-income countries where most tobacco users reside. We present novel data on tobacco use in people with SMI and their access to tobacco cessation advice in South Asia.

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Background Objectives: The seroprevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in general population is higher than that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. People who inject drugs (PWIDs) constitute a high-risk group for all blood-borne infections. Multiple behavioural surveillance surveys have provided a rich typology of HIV-infected PWIDs, but this information is missing for HCV infection.

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Background: The increasing burden of depression and noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a global challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries, considering the resource constraints and lack of trained human resources in these settings. Effective treatment of depression in people with NCDs has the potential to enhance both the mental and physical well-being of this population. It will also result in the effective use of the available health care resources.

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Mental disorders in India form a major public health concern and the efforts to tackle these dates back to four decades, by way of the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) and its operational arm, the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP). Although the progress of NMHP (and DMHP) was relatively slower till recently, the last 4-5 years have seen rapid strides with several initiatives, including (i) expansion of DMHPs to 90 per cent of the total districts of the country, (ii) the National Mental Health Policy and (iii) strengthening the Mental Health Legislation by way of providing explicit provisions for rights of persons with mental illnesses. Among others, factors responsible for this accelerated growth include the easily accessible digital technology as well as judicial activism.

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Background Objectives: Cannabis use has long been associated with celebration and hospitality, although abuse must be confirmed through testing. It has always been difficult to develop an accurate and reliable confirmatory method for the quantification of tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) that meets local requirements. The goal was to develop a rapid, cost-effective analytical technique that can handle large batches.

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Background: Causes of substance use are multifactorial. Factors such as personality, psychological distress, and the person's social ties contribute to the understanding of substance use problems of college students.

Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the association between personality traits and psychological distress with ego-centric social networks of substance-using and non-using college students.

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Objective: The paper describes the introduction, and early use of chemically and electrically induced convulsive therapies, at the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (MGMH), now the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India. Cardiazol and ammonium chloride were used at MGMH before the introduction of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The study examines the early history, clinical correlates and outcome of convulsive therapies and attempts to contextualize how local conditions influenced implementation.

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Introduction: The aim of our study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a brief behavioral intervention for tobacco cessation delivered via mobile phone text messaging in India.

Aims And Methods: We conducted an uncontrolled intervention cohort study in adult current users of tobacco. The participants received intervention messages on their mobile phones for eight weeks.

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Background: Genetic and epigenetic factors are associated with the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs738409 in Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA3) and rs58542926 in Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (TM6SF2) are strongly associated with AALD in different global populations, Hence, we analyzed the genetic risk score for these variants and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation levels of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genes among cases (alcohol liver cirrhosis) and controls (heavy drinkers without cirrhosis).

Method: We studied patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) with cirrhosis (AUD-C + ve, n = 136) and without cirrhosis (AUD-C-ve, n = 107) drawn from the clinical services of St.

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