Analysis of Nipple-Areola Complex Localization Using Male Cadavers: Considerations for Gender-Affirming Surgery.

Background: Masculinizing chest reconstruction is the most common gender-affirming surgery in transgender males. Despite the current literature's acknowledgment of the vital role that proper placement of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) plays in a masculine chest contour, there is still much debate regarding the best anatomical landmarks to achieve the desired result.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to determine which landmarks for NAC placement can be applied across diverse body types and aid surgeons in creating a masculine chest.

Job satisfaction among dental therapists in South Africa.

Objectives: This article forms part of a larger research project on the dental therapy profession in South Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction among dental therapists trained at one South African university.

Methods: This study was conducted using the qualitative research approach, where purposive and convenience sampling was used to select interviewees.

9p21 and 13q14 dosages in ependymomas. A clinicopathologic study of 101 cases.

Ependymomas are glial neoplasms whose clinical behavior is difficult to predict based on histology alone. Recently, a comparative genomic hybridization study identified frequent chromosome 9p and 13q losses in anaplastic ependymomas, suggesting that p16 and RB alterations may be involved in tumor progression. In order to test this hypothesis further, 101 myxopapillary, conventional, and anaplastic ependymomas (51 spinal and 50 intracranial tumors) were tested for RB and p16 deletions using fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Establishment of reference intervals for markers of fetal thyroid status in amniotic fluid.

Fetal goiter can arise as a result of fetal hyper or hypothyroidism. Although this condition is rare, it can be life threatening. Detection of fetal goiter in utero is possible with the aid of ultrasound, but proper prenatal treatment depends on knowledge of hormonal status.

Clinical and biologic significance of nuclear unrest in Wilms tumor.

Background: Nuclear unrest is a term applied to Wilms tumors (WT) with favorable histology that show nuclear enlargement similar to that seen in anaplasia but with no abnormal mitotic figures. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and pathogenetic significance of WT with nuclear unrest.

Methods: The authors reviewed primary nephrectomy specimens and clinical data from 173 patients who were treated for WT on 1 of 5 consecutive clinical trials at St.

Differential involvement of protein 4.1 family members DAL-1 and NF2 in intracranial and intraspinal ependymomas.

Ependymomas are malignant CNS neoplasms with highly variable biologic behavior, including a generally better prognosis for intraspinal tumors. Inactivation of the NF2 gene on 22q12 and loss of its protein product, merlin, have been well documented in subsets of meningiomas and ependymomas. DAL-1, a related tumor suppressor and protein 4.