From diabetes to diverse domains: the multifaceted roles of GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) emerged as a primary treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, their multifaceted effects on various target organs beyond glycemic control opened a new era of treatment. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical, in-vivo, and in-vitro studies focusing on the diverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Eligible studies were selected based on their relevance to the varied roles of GLP-1RAs in T2DM management and their impact on other physiological functions.

Carotid body: an emerging target for cardiometabolic co-morbidities.

New Findings: What is the topic of this review? Regarding the global metabolic syndrome crisis, this review focuses on common mechanisms for high blood sugar and high blood pressure. Connections are made between the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar and their dysregulation to reveal signalling mechanisms converging on the carotid body. What advances does it highlight? The carotid body plays a major part in the generation of excessive sympathetic activity in diabetes and also underpins diabetic hypertension.

Combined Arterial Hypertension and Ischemic Stroke Exaggerate Anesthesia-Related Hypotension and Cerebral Oxygenation Deficits: A Preclinical Study.

Background: Intraoperative arterial hypotension (IOH) is a common side effect of general anesthesia (GA), associated with poor outcomes in ischemic stroke. While IOH is more prevalent with hypertension, it is unknown whether IOH may differ when GA is induced during ischemic stroke, versus other clinical settings. This is important given that many stroke patients receive GA for endovascular thrombectomy.

GLP1R Attenuates Sympathetic Response to High Glucose via Carotid Body Inhibition.

Background: Aberrant sympathetic nerve activity exacerbates cardiovascular risk in hypertension and diabetes, which are common comorbidities, yet clinically sympathetic nerve activity remains poorly controlled. The hypertensive diabetic state is associated with increased reflex sensitivity and tonic drive from the peripheral chemoreceptors, the cause of which is unknown. We have previously shown hypertension to be critically dependent on the carotid body (CB) input in spontaneously hypertensive rat, a model that also exhibits a number of diabetic traits.

Therapeutic Relevance of Elevated Blood Pressure After Ischemic Stroke in the Hypertensive Rats.

Over 80% of patients exhibit an acute increase in blood pressure (BP) following stroke. Current clinical guidelines make no distinction in BP management between patients with or without prior hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were preinstrumented with telemeters to record BP, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygen in the predicted ischemic penumbra for 3 days before and 10 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (n=8 per group) or sham (n=5).

Comparison of accelerometer-derived physical activity levels between individuals with and without cancer: a UK Biobank study.

To identify the difference in physical activity (PA) levels between individuals with and without cancer, and to estimate all-cause mortality associated with this difference. Current cancer, cancer survivor and cancer-free groups were identified from the UK Biobank. We used multivariate and Cox regression to estimate PA differences and association of PA with all-cause mortality.

Hypertensive Response to Ischemic Stroke in the Normotensive Wistar Rat.

Background and Purpose- Over 80% of ischemic stroke patients show an abrupt increase in arterial blood pressure in the hours and days following ischemic stroke. Whether this poststroke hypertension is beneficial or harmful remains controversial and the underlying physiological basis is unclear. Methods- To investigate the dynamic cardiovascular response to stroke, adult Wistar rats (n=5-8 per group, 393±34 g) were instrumented with telemeters to blood pressure, intracranial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and brain tissue oxygen in the predicted penumbra (Po).