Restoration of a Peg Lateral Incisor Using the Putty Index Technique: A Case Report.

The restoration of peg lateral incisors poses considerable aesthetic and functional issues. This case report describes the use of a putty index approach for conservatively restoring peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors with resin composites. A 21-year-old female patient with good periodontal health and appropriate occlusal interactions had treatment at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.

Midline Diastema Closure Following Frenectomy Using M-spring: A Case Report.

Midline diastemas are one of the most prevalent dental malocclusions. In young adults this may create aesthetics problems, especially in individuals marked by a gap between central incisors higher than 4 mm. This case report demonstrates the treatment of a patient with Angle's Class I malocclusion and midline diastema with the M-spring appliance resulting in complete closure within four months.

Management of an Intracanal Separated Instrument in the Lower Right First Molar: A Case Report.

Separating an endodontic instrument is one of the most frequent errors during a root canal treatment. If endodontic instruments get separated, it could hinder disinfection and prevent access to the apical portion of the root. It compromises the success of the treatment by impeding the proper debris removal from the canal.

The Early Intervention of a Class III Malocclusion With an Anterior Crossbite Using Chincup Therapy: A Case Report.

Class III malocclusions with anterior crossbites pose significant challenges in orthodontic treatment, especially in growing children. This case report details the early intervention of a 12-year-old patient presenting with a Class III malocclusion characterized by an anterior crossbite and mandibular prognathism. A chincup was employed to inhibit mandibular growth and encourage maxillary development.

Anatomical Variations in Mandibular Molars: Focus on Midmesial Canals.

Endodontic therapy focuses on the root canal system to treat infected or damaged pulp tissue within the tooth, ultimately preserving the tooth and restoring its function. The root canal space should be cleaned with the use of proper instruments and chemical disinfectants to eradicate infected pulpal tissue and its remnants. The failure of endodontic therapy is attributed to a lack of understanding of the differences in anatomy among teeth, as evidenced by research.

Diving Deep: Exploring Dual Palatal Canals in the Upper Second Molar.

Dental anatomy exhibits considerable variation with the presence of additional canals being a common occurrence. The upper second molar typically presents with three canals and three roots; however, variations such as the existence of an extra canal or a root can pose challenges during endodontic treatment. Maxillary molar is characterized by an additional canal located within the palatal root, often exhibiting complex configurations and variations in morphology.

Overview of Interim and Temporary Restorations of Teeth During Endodontic Treatment.

Root canal treatment of vital, non-infected teeth can often be completed in a single visit, negating the necessity for dressing and provisionalization. Conversely, cases involving infected canals typically demand multiple visits, during which antibacterial medicaments are applied, making effective provisionalization crucial for varying durations. The key components of a successful root canal treatment include adequate canal shape to promote efficient obturation, thorough chemical and mechanical debridement, and complete removal of pulp tissue remnants and bacteria.

Condylar Osteochondroma: A Rare Case Report.

Osteochondroma (OC) is an uncommon reason for the mandibular condyle to grow excessively. Usually unilateral, it can impact the entire mandible, the condyle and ramus, or just the condyle. It is a bony projection covered in cartilage that protrudes from the damaged bone's exterior.

Enhancing Aesthetics and Functionality of the Teeth Using Injectable Composite Resin Technique.

In order to prepare composite restorations without the requirement for tooth preparation, the injectable composite resin technique uses a clear silicone index in a minimally invasive direct approach to imitate a diagnostic wax-up. This case report features a 34-year-old female patient having aesthetic and functional concerns, notably spacing between the teeth, insufficient tooth visibility, and diastema in the upper anterior region. Upon clinical examination, spacing and midline diastema were observed.

Reattachment of Fractured Tooth: A Comprehensive Review.

Dental trauma is one of the most prevalent problems encountered in clinical practice. Traumatic injuries involving fractures of the anterior tooth are one of the most common problems among children and adolescents. There is a physical and social impact on patients' quality of life due to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs).

Central Fracture-Dislocation of the Hip with Ipsilateral Femoral Neck Fracture in an Elderly Patient with Parkinsonism Managed with Dual Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: The combination of a central fracture-dislocation of the hip, acetabulum fracture, and neck of the femur fracture is a rare injury, with a few reports described in the literature. Guidelines regarding managing this type of injury in single or multiple stages, the requirement of acetabular augmentation with plates, metal rings or cages, and the implant selection in elderly patients are not adequately defined while planning a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The successful management of such a complex fracture pattern in an elderly patient with neurodegenerative disorder is described in our case report.

Does the femoral neck system provide better outcomes compared to cannulated screws fixation for the management of femoral neck fracture in young adults? A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis.

Background: Management of neck of femur fractures depend upon the age of presentation and it ranges from internal fixation to arthroplasty. In a relatively young population, anatomical reduction with stable internal fixation is the preferred treatment modality; the choice of implants available are multiple cannulated cancellous screws, dynamic hip screws, and the newly devised femoral neck system. The fracture configuration and pattern dictate the ideal implant to be utilized, with the femoral neck system documented to be apt for all the fracture types, while the cannulated screws are deemed better for stable fractures.

Association of Specific Genetic Polymorphisms with Atraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Atraumatic ONFH is one of the leading cause of hip morbidity in the working-age group. It is a multi-factorial disease whose root cause can be attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphism. Identifying such polymorphisms could pave the way for new modalities of treatment for ONFH.

Is early intramedullary interlocked nailing an effective treatment option for open grade III femoral shaft fractures: a systematic review of literature and pooled analysis of 176 cases.

Background: Open Grade 3 femoral fractures are high-velocity injuries, often associated with other co-morbid injuries and are highly prone to infections; these fractures are commonly treated by staged procedures to minimize the complications. Early definitive fixation by intramedullary (IM) interlocking nails (ILN) has advantages like early mobility and better outcomes.

Study Question: Are early definitive fixations of grade III shaft femur fractures with debridement & IM ILN effective in union and infection rates?

Materials And Methods: Using relevant keywords, a total of 3357 articles were screened from the PubMed, Scopus and Embase database.

Bilateral crescent fracture-dislocation of the sacroiliac joint: a case-based discussion and review of literature.

Background: Crescent fractures are a subset of lateral compression injuries associated with high energy trauma and are rotationally unstable. These fractures are rare bilaterally, and we present one such rare case of a bilateral crescent fracture.

Case Description: A 56-year-old male presented with run-over injury and was diagnosed with bilateral crescent fracture-dislocation of the Sacroiliac joint.

The effectiveness of arthroscopy assisted fixation of Schatzker types I-III tibial plateau fractures: our experience at a tertiary centre.

Background: Tibial condyle fractures are high energy injuries which require anatomical reduction and stable fixation for early mobilisation of the knee joint. Arthroscopy assisted fixation of these fractures provide additional benefits of minimal dissection, accurate visualisation of the articular surface and faster rehabilitation. The present study describes our experience with this technique.

Prominent Resident's Ridge as a Potential Cause of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Impingement: A Case Report.

Background: The resident's ridge is an arthroscopic landmark that is consistent with the anterior border of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral attachment. The identification of the landmark allows for accurate graft placement.

Case Report: We report a case of a 30-year athletic individual with an ACL-deficient knee, who had an abnormally large resident's ridge, abutting the midsubstance of the torn ACL; the residual femoral attachment was behind the ridge.

Core decompression with bone marrow aspirate concentrate in post collapse avascular necrosis of hip: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head is commonly seen in middle age groups and in its advanced stages, it is a common indication for total hip replacements (THRs). These patients invariably require revision surgeries in their lifetime and modalities to delay the first arthroplasty are necessary. Core decompression (CD) with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) have proved successful in early stages of AVN, but their role in advanced stages remains unclear.

Bilateral sub-trochanteric femur fragility fractures in a patient on antiretroviral therapy: a case based discussion and review of literature.

Background: The burden of HIV/AIDS is ever increasing, affecting populations all over the world. Along with the disease, its effects and consequences on bone health are also on a rise. A commonly used drug in managing HIV, "Tenofovir" has been shown to affect bone health, specifically on prolonged usage.

Complex Multiplanar Fracture of the Distal Femur with an Undescribed Pattern: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Distal femur fractures in younger age groups are associated with high-impact injury leading to severe comminution and soft tissue injuries. Most of the intra-articular distal femur fractures occur as a result of axial loading accompanied by a variable amount of flexion. An 18-year-old male patient who had met with a road traffic accident was brought to the trauma center.

An Unusual Complex Posterolateral Osteoligamentous Injury of the Knee in an Adolescent.

We present an unusual and complex case of a 16-year-old adolescent male who injured his right knee and sustained combined avulsion injuries of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) at the tibial insertion site, iliotibial band at lateral tibial condyle, and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) at femoral insertion site akin to osteoligamentous posterolateral corner injury. Anatomical reduction of the femoral LCL avulsion fragment was performed and fixed with a two 4-mm partially threaded cancellous screw. Iliotibial band avulsion was buttressed using Ellis t-plate and fixed with two 4-mm partially threaded cancellous screws.