Estimation of Sex From the Buccolingual Dimension of Tooth Among the North Indian Population.

Introduction: Identification is an important aspect of forensic medicine. Identification plays an imperative role, especially in highly decomposed bodies, mutilated bodies, and undisclosed and fragmentary human remains. The estimation of sex is an essential parameter of human identification.

Comparison of Didactic Lectures and Activity-Based Learning for Teaching First-Professional MBBS Students in the Subject of Anatomy.

Background In the field of medical education, traditional methods of teaching and learning have been used for a long time. Various new methods of learning, like activity-based learning (ABL), case-based discussion (CBD), and problem-based learning (PBL), are laying the foundation for this modern era of teaching. This study was a comparative study conducted to determine the effectiveness of activity-based learning and traditional lectures by teaching two topics to MBBS first-year professional students.

Multifaceted Role of Nanomaterials in Modulating In Vitro Seed Germination, Plant Morphogenesis, Metabolism and Genetic Engineering.

The agricultural practices of breeding, farm management and cultivation have improved production, to a great extent, in order to meet the food demands of a growing population. However, the newer challenges of climate change, global warming, and nutritional quality improvement will have to be addressed under a new scenario. Plant biotechnology has emerged as a reliable tool for enhancing crop yields by protecting plants against insect pests and metabolic engineering through the addition of new genes and, to some extent, nutritional quality improvement.

Alkaline hydrolysis of spent aromatic biomass for production of phenolic aldehydes, lignin, and cellulose.

In order to combat the environmental issues associated with the burning of spent aromatic biomass (SAB), a method for alkaline hydrolysis of SAB has been developed to afford phenolic acids, predominantly the p-coumaric acid, lignin, and cellulose. Lignin (∼15 wt%) from alkaline hydrolysate was separated by precipitation while a mixture of phenolic acids obtained was directly reacted with a green reagent, PhI(OAc), under one-pot condition to afford a mixture of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (>90 wt%) and vanillin (<10 wt%). Unreacted biomass obtained in the process was successfully used as a substrate for the production of cellulose (∼40 wt%).

Synthesis of -Andrographolide Triazolyl Glycoconjugates for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

A new andrographolide-based terminal alkyne was synthesized in good yield from -andrographolide , obtained from a natural compound andrographolide , which in turn was isolated from the leaves of the plant . Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction of alkyne with -sugars furnished a library of andrographolide-fastened triazolyl glycoconjugates in good yields. The structures of these semisynthetic andrographolide derivatives were established by Fourier transform infrared, NMR, and mass spectroscopy.

Click Chemistry Inspired Synthesis of Hydroxyanthracene Triazolyl Glycoconjugates.

Novel hydroxyanthracene-based terminal alkynes and were synthesized by the acetylide addition reaction at the 9,10-position of anthraquinone under mild conditions. The developed alkynes , , and on Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction with -sugars in the presence of Cu(I) catalyst provided a series of triazole fasten hydroxyanthracene glycoconjugates , , and , respectively, in good yields. The representative compounds and were successfully deprotected under room-temperature conditions to liberate the corresponding free glycoconjugates and , respectively.

Click chemistry inspired synthesis of andrographolide triazolyl conjugates for effective fluorescent sensing of ferric ions.

The naturally occurring compound andrographolide was used as a substrate for the synthesis of a novel terminal alkyne which on copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with azides , and furnished a series of regioselective andrographolide triazolyl conjugates and , respectively. A free glycoconjugate was also prepared by selective deprotection of compound in good yield. All the compounds were characterized by absorbance, FT-IR, NMR, and HR-MS analyses.

Gram-Scale Synthesis of Tetrahedrite Nanoparticles and Their Thermoelectric Properties.

Here, we report a method for facile gram-scale synthesis of tetrahedrite (CuSbS) nanoparticles (NPs) with high quality and good reproducibility. The obtained NPs had a well-defined tetrahedral shape with a mean edge length of ∼70 nm. We sintered the NPs by the hot press technique to fabricate a nanostructured pellet for thermoelectric measurements.

Nanobulk Thermoelectric Materials Fabricated from Chemically Synthesized CuZn Al SnS Nanocrystals.

Direct energy conversion of heat into electricity using thermoelectric materials is an attractive solution to help address global energy issues. Developing novel materials composed of earth-abundant and nontoxic elements will aid progress toward the goal of sustainable thermoelectric materials. In this study, we chemically synthesized Cu-Zn-Sn-S nanocrystals and fabricated a CuZnSnS thermoelectric material using nanocrystals as building blocks.

Production of xylose, levulinic acid, and lignin from spent aromatic biomass with a recyclable Brønsted acid synthesized from d-limonene as renewable feedstock from citrus waste.

This work aimed to develop a green protocol for chemical processing of spent aromatic biomass to obtain xylose, levulinic acid, and lignin in good yields via treatment with p-cymene-2-sulphonic acid (p-CSA), a Brønsted acid synthesised from d-limonene as a renewable feedstock from citrus waste. Chemical processing of palmarosa biomass with p-CSA under heating in an autoclave resulted in hydrolysate containing xylose (~16% yield). Further processing of pre-treated biomass with p-CSA in presence of aq.

Isolation of a new flavonoid and waste to wealth recovery of 6--Ascorbyl Esters from Seeds of (family- Rutaceae).

is a plant species native to India. Commercially available food products such as jam, jelly, candy, squash etc. are prepared from ripe fruit pulp of .

Processing of wet Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit waste into novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquids and their application in hydrolysis of sucrose.

In citrus processing industries, where up to 60% of the whole fruit is discarded, generates citrus waste (peel, seeds, membrane, and pulp) on a massive scale. The waste does not currently have high-value applications, instead the majority is disposed of or pelletized for animal feed. Therefore, a concise and efficacious protocol for processing of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit waste to numerous novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (3a-k) have been developed.

Click inspired synthesis of triazole-linked vanillin glycoconjugates.

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of deoxy-azido sugars 1 with alkyne derivatives of p-vanillin, 3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzaldehyde (2) and 2-methoxy-1-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-4-((prop-2-ynyloxy)methyl)benzene) (4) to afford regioselective triazole-linked vanillinglycoconjugates 5 and 6 was investigated in the presence of CuI/DIPEA in dichloromethane. All the developed glycoconjugates were characterized on the basis of IR, NMR, and MS. Graphical abstract Triazolyl vanillin glycoconjugates via click chemistry.

Click inspired synthesis of antileishmanial triazolyl O-benzylquercetin glycoconjugates.

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of deoxy-azido sugars 1 with O-benzylquercetin alkynes (5-7) to afford regioselective triazole-linked O-benzylquercetin glycoconjugates (8-10) was investigated in the presence of CuI/DIPEA in dichloromethane. All the developed glycoconjugates (8-10) were evaluated for anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. Graphical Abstract Click Inspired Synthesis of Antileishmanial Triazolyl O-Benzylquercetin Glycoconjugates.

An efficient thiourea-based colorimetric chemosensor for naked-eye recognition of fluoride and acetate anions: UV-vis and 1HNMR studies.

An efficient colorimetric chemosensor with a thiourea binding site and 2-amino-6-nitrobenothiazole as a signaling unit has been synthesized by dithiocarbamate approach. The chemosensor has been utilized for selective recognition of fluoride and acetate anions in dry DMSO solution by UV-vis and (1)H NMR titration experiments. The chemosensor has shown naked-eye sensitivity for both the anions in solution.

Fluorescence probe sensitive to detect G-rich target strands through quenching.

Modified fluorescent probe U(F)AA AAT CTC CGC CGC has been synthesized using the nucleoside analogue 3'-O-(N,N'-diisopropylamino-2-cyanoethoxyphosphinyl)-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-O-(dansyl-1-sulfonamidohexylaminocarbonyl)uridine for hybridization studies with perfectly matched (U/A) complementary and with DNA strand having similar G-rich telomeric units at the 3'-end. The thermal stability data and decrease in fluorescence intensity due to the presence of dG units clearly demonstrated the potential application of this approach in DNA diagnostics in homogeneous hybridization assays.

N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxamide (TPICC): a heterobifunctional reagent for immobilization of biomolecules on glass surface.

An efficient heterobifunctional reagent, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide (TPICC) has been developed by a simple 'two step reaction' for the preparation of bioconjugates and immobilization of biomolecules such as oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins on the glass surface. The isothiocyanate functionality at one end of the reagent, TPICC was found specific for the ligands having either aminoalkyl (RNH(2)) or mercaptoalkyl (R-SH) functionality. The synthesis of bioconjugates with the reagent was achieved through its isothiocyanate functionality at one end via the formation of stable thiourea linkage with aminoalkyl and dithiocarbamate linkage with mercaptoalkyl derivatives.

Construction of DNA microarray on glass surface using efficient heterobifunctional reagent.

An efficient heterobifunctional reagent, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-(N'-maleimidylmethyl) cyclohexanamide (TPMC) was developed for the immobilization of thiol-modified oligonucleotide on the unmodified glass surface. The heterobifuntionality of the reagent was utilized for construction of DNA microarray in which the triethoxysilyl functionality has specificity towards the glass surface while the maleimide functionality for thiol-modified oligonucleotides via stable thio-ether linkage. Immobilization of DNA has been achieved by two alternative approaches.

Immobilization of oligonucleotides on glass surface using an efficient heterobifunctional reagent through maleimide-thiol combination chemistry.

An efficient heterobifunctional reagent, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-(N'-maleimidylmethyl) cyclohexanamide (TPMC), was developed for the immobilization of thiol-modified oligonucleotides on an unmodified glass surface. The heterobifunctionality of the reagent was used for the construction of a DNA microarray in which the triethoxysilyl functionality has specificity toward a glass surface, whereas the maleimide functionality has thiol-modified oligonucleotides via a stable thioether linkage. Immobilization of DNA was achieved by two alternative approaches.