Exploring Metabolic Mechanisms in Calcific Tendinopathy and Shoulder Arthrofibrosis: Insights and Therapeutic Implications.

Rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy and arthrofibrosis of the shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) are debilitating musculoskeletal disorders that significantly impact joint function and impair quality of life. Despite its high prevalence and common clinical presentation, the metabolic mechanisms underlying these conditions characterized by pain, and reduced mobility, remain poorly understood. This review aims to elucidate the role of metabolic processes implicated in the pathogenesis of calcific tendinopathy and shoulder arthrofibrosis.

Automated quantitative assessment of bone contusions and overlying articular cartilage following anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Quantitative methods to characterize bone contusions and associated cartilage injury remain limited. We combined standardized voxelwise normalization and 3D mapping to automate bone contusion segmentation post-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and evaluate anomalies in articular cartilage overlying bone contusions. Forty-five patients (54% female, 26.

Cell-Based Therapies for Rotator Cuff Injuries: An Updated Review of the Literature.

This review focuses on non-surgical treatment options for rotator cuff injuries and highlights the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potential regenerative approach. MSCs, sourced from various tissues like bone marrow and adipose tissue, exhibit promising mechanisms in vitro, influencing tendon-related gene expression and microenvironment modulation. Animal studies support this, showcasing MSCs' ability to reduce inflammation, improve tissue remodeling, and enhance repaired tendon strength.

Complications and opioid-prescribing patterns following genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation versus intra-articular injection: a matched cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (GNRFA) is an emerging procedure used to relieve pain from severe knee osteoarthritis. While there have been rare reports of significant complications, their incidence has not been well established. The objective of this study was to examine complication rates at 30 and 90 days post treatment as well as characterize opioid-prescribing patterns before and after treatment.

Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma Is Predominantly Anti-inflammatory Compared With Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma in Patients With Mild-Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective, Descriptive Laboratory Study.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used extensively in clinical practice to treat patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) has been clinically preferred over leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP); however, it is unclear which cytokine mediators of pain and inflammation are present in LR-PRP and LP-PRP from patients with mild to moderate knee OA in order to rationalize a specific formulation.

Hypothesis: LP-PRP would be predominantly anti-inflammatory and have reduced nociceptive pain mediators compared with LR-PRP from the same individual with mild to moderate knee OA.

Medical Concerns in Orthobiologics Procedures.

Orthobiologics have shown immense treatment potential in many medical fields including sports medicine, musculoskeletal disorders, and pain management. As with the case of any medical procedures and treatments, there are potential side effects or caveats that physicians and patients should be cognizant of. Nevertheless, the use of orthobiologics does not seem to have consistent severe side effects and do not have increased risks with transmissible disease, immune-modulated reactions, or oncologic processes.

Mesenchymal stem cells for subchondral bone marrow lesions: From bench to bedside.

Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are areas of disease within subchondral bone that appear as T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense ill-defined areas of bone marrow on magnetic resonance imaging. The most common bone marrow lesions include subchondral lesions related to osteoarthritis, osteochondral defects, and avascular necrosis. Emerging therapies include autologous biologic therapeutics, in particular mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to maintain and improve cartilage health; MSCs have become a potential treatment option for BMLs given the unmet need for disease modification.

Double-Spin Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma Is Predominantly Lymphocyte Rich With Notable Concentrations of Other White Blood Cell Subtypes.

Purpose: To comprehensively characterize a double-spin leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) formulation and to compare it with whole blood (WB) by quantitatively assessing platelet and WB cell subtype concentrations in each.

Methods: Prospective human ex vivo analysis with 12 healthy adult men with ages ranging from 25 to 31 was performed in a controlled laboratory setting. The main outcome measure was the leukocyte profile of human LR-PRP.

Novel assessment of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma on functional and patient-reported outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study.

Leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) has demonstrated to be beneficial for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, reliable objective end points to accurately assess its therapeutic effects is lacking. To investigate the efficacy of LR-PRP as assessed by functional and patient-reported outcomes at early time points (6 weeks). We conducted a prospective cohort study in 12 patients with diagnosed KOA (Kellgren Lawrence score of II-III), who underwent a single ultrasound-guided LR-PRP injection.

Therapeutic efficacy of low-dose steroid combined with hyaluronidase in ultrasonography-guided intra-articular injections into the shoulder for adhesive capsulitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of low-dose steroid, highdose steroid, and low-dose steroid combined with hyaluronidase with respect to intra-articular injection therapy for adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder.

Methods: Thirty patients with primary AC in the initial stage were randomly assigned into three groups to receive ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections with 20 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (group A, n=10), 40 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (group B, n=10) and 20 mg of triamcinolone acetonide combined with hyaluronidase (group C, n=10). The outcome measures included a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ), abduction and external rotation range of motion, and intra-sheath fluid (ISF) before treatment and at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after treatment.

Microfragmented Adipose Tissue With Adjuvant Platelet-Rich Plasma Combination Therapy for Partial-Thickness Supraspinatus Tear.

A 50-year-old male presented with acute, sharp, right shoulder pain. Ultrasound of the right shoulder revealed a partial thickness tear of the supraspinatus. After conservative management failed to provide any relief, he was treated with microfragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) injection followed by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) at 14 weeks.

Pain and functional outcomes of the sacroiliac joint after platelet-rich plasma injection: a descriptive review.

The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight and review the status of literature regarding efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction. A review of the literature on PRP interventions on the SIJ or ligaments was performed. Seven studies had improvements in their respective primary end point and demonstrated a strong safety profile without any serious adverse events.

Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Treating Lateral Epicondylitis-Does Injection Location Matter?: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of botulinum toxin in treating recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis have demonstrated varied results and differed greatly in methodology. The objective of this systematic review was to demonstrate injection location as a significant contributor to outcome heterogeneity.

Design: Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic review using Scopus, Embase, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials assessing botulinum toxin in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020.

Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling).

Leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma application in post-traumatic osteoarthritis with popliteal cyst: a case report.

To describe the successful treatment of a Baker's cyst in the setting of post-traumatic osteoarthritis using ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma. Outpatient sports clinic. 29-year old male basketball player.

Dynamic Ultrasound Uniquely Reveals Anterior Capsular Tear Communicating With Vastus Intermedius Fibers.

We present a case of an anterior capsular tear of the right knee in a previously healthy, active individual. The patient was a 31-year-old male seen one month after the onset of throbbing anterior right knee pain, which progressed to sharp suprapatellar pain over the next three months. Both dynamic ultrasound (US) and MRI were obtained.

Hydrodissection as a therapeutic and diagnostic modality in treating peroneal nerve compression.

A 51-year-old man presented with pain in the region of his left patellar tendon and fibular head. He had previously undergone three L5 epidural steroid injections and physical therapy without relief. Prior magnetic resonance imaging was significant only for fat pad impingement, and electromyography and nerve conduction studies were negative.

Effects of Antiplatelet and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications on Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has wide applications in orthopaedic care. Its beneficial effects are attributed to the growth factor profile from the platelet secretome. In theory, these effects would be diminished by medications that inhibit platelet activation and/or the subsequent release of growth factors.

Point-of-Care Procedures in Physiatry: Practice Considerations During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 is an active pandemic that has required rapid conversion of practice patterns to mitigate disease spread. Although recommendations have been released for physicians to postpone elective procedures, the utility of common physiatry procedures and their infectious risk profile have yet to be clearly delineated. In this article, we describe an update on existing national recommendations and outline considerations as practitioners and institutions strive to meet the needs of patients with disabilities.