Assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor in histological, clinical and pathological staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an invasive epithelial neoplasm with varying degrees of squamous differentiation that arises from the following anatomic sites: the oral cavity, particularly oral soft tissues including the gingival and alveolar mucosa, floor of the mouth, tongue, soft and hard palate, tonsils and oropharynx. In normal epithelium EGFR is localized to basal cell layer, while its expression beyond basal localization in cancerous tissue suggest that correlation of EGFR and tumor progression might exist. The present study aimed to assess epidermal growth factor receptor in histological, clinical and pathological staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Epidermal growth factor receptor: Role in human cancer.

Cells are constantly exposed to various external stimuli which regulate the growth and survival of the cells. The signal transduction from the external environment to the interior of the cell is carried out by cell surface or transmembrane receptors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a type I receptor tyrosine kinase and along with its ligands, EGFR is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways.

Two Episodes of Trigeminocardiac Reflex During a Pan facial Fracture Surgery, a Rare Phenomenon - Case Report and Review of Literature.

Trigeminocardiac reflex is a sudden physiologic response due to mechanical manipulation of any of the branches of trigeminal nerve. Trigeminocardiac reflex occurs due to pressure effect or stretching of trigeminal nerve which causes fall in blood pressure and decrease in heart rate. In this reflex arc, the trigeminal nerve serves as afferent pathway and vagus nerve, which is cardio inhibitory in nature, serves as efferent pathway.

Serratiopeptidase - A Cause for Spread of Infection.

Serratiopeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme that has been used for reducing inflammation, it has antiedemic, analgesic, fibrinolytic and caesinolytic properties. Serratiopeptidase is often used in oral surgery for its anti-inflammatory purpose after impaction surgery, maxillofacial trauma and infections but its use should be limited in cases of abscess due to its fibrinolytic activity. Here, we report a case of a buccal space abscess which had spread into deeper muscular layers after serratiopeptidase administration in a 32-year-old male without any systemic condition.

Articaine for surgical removal of impacted third molar; a comparison with lignocaine.

Aim: Articaine is an amide local anesthetic that differs from other agents of its group due to the presence of thiophene ring instead of a benzene ring. Some researchers claim that articaine is superior to lidocaine in its biologic profile. The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of articaine with that of lidocaine which has proven efficacy.