Toxicological safety assessment of AP-Bio®, a standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata in Sprague Dawley rats.

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as green chiretta, is a traditionally used plant in India, China, and Southeast Asian countries for its varied health benefits including immune health. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety of AP-Bio®, a standardized A. paniculata extract in Sprague Dawley rats by following the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines of acute and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic toxicity studies.

Ocimum tenuiflorum extract (HOLIXERTM): Possible effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in modulating stress.

Ocimum tenuiflorum is a sacred medicinal plant bestowed with multiple health benefits. This plant is traditionally considered an adaptogen. Many scientific studies have indicated the anti-stress potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum but with higher doses.

Identification of lipid regulatory genes modulated by polyherbal formulation in chicken liver tissues using transcriptome analysis.

Objective: To elucidate the cellular mechanisms of polyherbal formulation [Kolin Plus (KP)], genomics was performed to delineate the genes and pathways associated with lipid regulation through transcriptional profiling of the liver in commercial broilers raised on diets deficient in choline chloride (CCL).

Materials And Methods: The gene expression patterns were studied for four groups [normal diet: normal, choline chloride deficient (CCD), KP (400 gm/ton), and CCL (400 gm/ton)] using Agilent microarray on day 42. The hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out on 12,614 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a similar expression.

Evaluation of polyherbal formulation in broilers fed high energy diet: Implications on zootechnical parameters, fat accretion, and serum L-carnitine levels.

Objective: The current broiler trial was planned to assess the effects of Kolin Plus™, a polyherbal formulation (PHF), on performance, protein and fat accretion, and serum L-carnitine (LC) levels in broilers fed a high-energy diet (HED).

Materials And Methods: A total of 500 1-day-old Cobb 430 male chicks were assigned to 5 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates, with 10 birds in each replicate ( = 100). Group G1 was a negative control fed HED, and group G2, a positive control supplemented with synthetic choline chloride (SCC) 1,500 gm/ton in HED.

Immunomodulatory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract in healthy adults - An open-label study.

Background: Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees has been well-researched for its immunomodulatory effects.

Anti-diarrhoeal activity of a polyherbal formulation in rats and elucidation of its cellular mechanisms.

Objective: The present study was aimed to study anti-diarrhoeal activity of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) in rats and elucidate its mechanism of action.

Materials And Methods: Anti-diarrhoeal activity of PHF was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, small intestinal transit and enteropooling models in rats. PHF was tested at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg rat body weight.

Effect of dietary supplementation of phytogenic feed additive on performance traits, serum neopterin, and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response in heat-induced stress model of broiler chickens.

Objective: The trial was aimed at assessing the effect of phytogenic feed additive (PFA), a natural adaptogen, on growth performance, serum neopterin level, and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response in heat-induced stress model of broilers.

Materials And Methods: One-day-old Ross 308 chicks ( = 360) were randomly distributed among normal control (NOR), heat-stress control (HSC), and PFA treatment (HSC plus PFA at 200 gm/ton of feed) group. HSC and PFA groups were subjected to heat stress (HS) (32°C-36°C) from 9:00 a.

Evaluation of a polyherbal formulation for the management of wet litter in broiler chickens: Implications on performance parameters, cecal moisture level, and footpad lesions.

Objective: The study was carried out to develop a wet litter model with magnesium chloride to assess the effectiveness of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) on growth performance, litter and cecal moisture (LCM) level, cecal consistency (CC) score, and footpad lesions (FPLs) score in Ross 308 broiler chickens.

Materials And Methods: 1,200 one-day-old chicks were assigned into five groups: normal control, negative control [NTC; treated with 1.7% magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl.

Mutagenicity and Acute Oral Toxicity Test for Herbal Poultry Feed Supplements.

Herbal products are being used and trusted globally for thousands of years for their health benefits and limited side effects. Globally, a general belief amongst the consumers is that herbal supplements are always safe because they are "natural." But later, research reveals that they may not be safe.

Evaluation of polyherbal formulation and synthetic choline chloride on choline deficiency model in broilers: implications on zootechnical parameters, serum biochemistry and liver histopathology.

Objective: The study was designed to establish choline deficiency model (CDM) in broilers for evaluating efficacy of polyherbal formulation (PHF) in comparison with synthetic choline chloride (SCC).

Methods: A total of 2,550 one-day-old Cobb 430 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to different groups in three experiments. In experiment 1, G1 and G2 served as normal controls and were fed a basal diet with 100% soybean meal (SBM) as a major protein source supplemented with and without SCC, respectively.

Alleviation of Heat Stress by a Polyherbal Formulation, Phytocee™: Impact on Zootechnical Parameters, Cloacal Temperature, and Stress Markers.

Background: The range of thermoneutral zone of chickens is narrow, and they become easily susceptible to environmental stress, a common and major concern for poultry causing a production loss.

Objective: The present study was designed to comparatively evaluate anti-stress activity of Phytocee™ and Vitamin C in chickens reared under heat stress.

Materials And Methods: A total of 600-day-old chicks of Cobb 400 were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 6 replicates comprising 25 birds each ( = 150).

Use of in vitro bioassays for assessing botanicals.

In vitro bio assays can play a vital role in evaluating botanicals ranging from comparative screening, interaction studies, bio-activity guided fractionation, biological characterization, assisting in stability studies to studying mechanism of actions. In this review, we present some challenges and common pitfalls of using bioassays for assessing botanicals including guidance to overcome them. The overall objective of this review is to improve the success of botanicals products by incorporating robust bioassays during various stages of research and development.

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of a flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its probable mechanisms of action.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. is regarded useful for peptic ulcer in traditional systems of medicine in India and Helicobacter pylori has been considered as one of the causative factors for peptic ulcer. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-Helicobacter pylori action of GutGard(®), a flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and further to elucidate the possible mechanisms of its anti-Helicobacter pylori action.

Perceptron learning rule derived from spike-frequency adaptation and spike-time-dependent plasticity.

It is widely believed that sensory and motor processing in the brain is based on simple computational primitives rooted in cellular and synaptic physiology. However, many gaps remain in our understanding of the connections between neural computations and biophysical properties of neurons. Here, we show that synaptic spike-time-dependent plasticity (STDP) combined with spike-frequency adaptation (SFA) in a single neuron together approximate the well-known perceptron learning rule.

Bioactive caffeic acid esters from Glycyrrhiza glabra.

Thin layer chromatography bioautography (using DPPH spray reagent) guided fractionation of Glycyrrhiza glabra led to the isolation of two caffeic acid derivative esters, viz. eicosanyl caffeate (1) and docosyl caffeate (2). The two compounds exhibited potent elastase inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 0.

Demonstration of LanthaScreen™ TR-FRET-based nuclear receptor coactivator recruitment assay using PHERAstar, a multi-detection HTS microplate reader.

An attempt was made to demonstrate the possibility of performing LanthaScreen™ TR-FRET based nuclear receptor coactivator recruitment assay using PHERAstar, a multi-detection HTS microplate reader. LanthaScreen™ nuclear receptor coactivator recruitment assay (M/s Invitrogen corporation, USA) was performed using PPAR-gamma receptor preparation in the agonist mode. TR-FRET measurements were done on PHERAstar, a multimode microplate reader (BMG LABTECH, Germany).

Geraniol, the putative anthelmintic principle of Cymbopogon martinii.

The essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii (palmrosa) and one of its main constituents geraniol were tested for anthelmintic activity (in vitro) employing the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Both the substances showed potent anthelmintic activity. The ED50 of geraniol was found to be 66.

Trypsin inhibitory effect of wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone.

Wedelolactone (WL) and demethylwedelolactone (DWL) isolated from Eclipta alba were tested in the trypsin inhibition bioassay (in vitro). Both compounds showed potent activity. IC(50) values of WL and DWL were found to be 2.

Brine shrimp lethality assay of Bacopa monnieri.

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water extracts, a saponin rich fraction (SRF) and bacoside A isolated from Bacopa monnieri were tested for brine shrimp lethality. Successive ethanol extracts and SRF showed potent activity. Bacoside A showed the maximum activity with a LC(50) of 38.