Tofacitinib in the Management of Alopecia Universalis.

Alopecia universalis (AU) is a rare form of hair loss characterized by the complete absence of hair on the scalp and body. It is an advanced form of alopecia areata. There is currently no definitive treatment for this condition, and management options are limited.

CNS delivery of targeted protein degraders.

Heterobifunctional small molecule degraders are a subset of targeted protein degraders (TPDs), consisting of two ligands joined by a linker to induce proteasomal degradation of a target protein. As compared to traditional small molecules these compounds generally demonstrate inflated physicochemical properties, which may require innovative formulation strategies to enable their delivery and exert pharmacodynamic effect. The blood brain barrier (BBB) serves an essential function in human physiology, but its presence requires advanced approaches for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Are Buffy-coat Pooled Platelet Concentrates an Effective Alternative to Apheresis Platelet Concentrates? An Analysis at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India.

Background: There is a need for platelet products to have the best quality. Apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) obtained from single-donors PCs (SD-PCs) are considered best but have issues such as feasibility and cost. Buffy-coat pooled PCs (BCP-PCs) are considered an alternative to SD-PCs.

Trends in small molecule drug properties: A developability molecule assessment perspective.

Developability molecule assessment is a key interfacial capability across the biopharmaceutical industry, screening and staging molecules discovered by medicinal chemists for successful chemistry manufacturing controls (CMC) development and launch. The breadth of responsibility and expertise such teams possess puts them in a unique position to understand the impact of the physicochemical properties of a drug during its initial discovery and subsequent development. However, most of the publications describing trends in physicochemical properties are written from a medicinal chemistry perspective with the aim to identify molecules with better ADMET profiles that are either lead-like or drug-like, failing to describe the impact these properties have on CMC development.

Postdischarge Adverse Events Among Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the rate of postdischarge adverse events (AEs), classify the types of postdischarge AEs, and identify risk factors for postdischarge AEs among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study of neonates admitted to the NICU from February 2017 through June 2019. We enrolled 170 neonates from a level 4 NICU who were being discharged home and whose parents can speak English and could be contacted after discharge.

Does Severity of Brain Injury on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Short-Term Outcome in Neonates Who Received Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Objective: The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern of brain injury is a known biomarker of childhood outcome following therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, usefulness of this classification has not been evaluated to predict short-term outcomes. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that infants with NICHD MRI pattern of severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury will be sicker with more severe asphyxia-induced multiorgan dysfunction resulting in prolonged length of stay (LOS) following therapeutic hypothermia.

Comparison of 5% human albumin and normal saline for fluid resuscitation in sepsis induced hypotension among patients with cirrhosis (FRISC study): a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: Sepsis and septic shock are common causes of hospitalization and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There is no data on the choice of fluid and resuscitation protocols in sepsis-induced hypotension in cirrhosis.

Methods: In this open-label trial conducted at a single center, we enrolled 308 cirrhotics with sepsis-induced hypotension and randomized them to receive either 5% albumin or normal saline.

Venovenous versus venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation among infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: is there a difference in outcome?

Objective: Our hypothesis was that among infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), venoarterial (VA), compared to venovenous (VV), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with an increased risk of mortality or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Design/methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of infants in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database from 2010 to 2016 with moderate or severe HIE, gestational age ≥36 weeks, and ECMO initiation <7 days of age. The primary outcome was mortality or ICH.

Latent fingerprint development by using silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate-A comparative study.

The beginning of latent fingerprint development on porous surface was first achieved by silver nitrate (AgNO ) method. But the significantly increasing cost has caused forensic experts to look for an alternative means. Silver nitrate (AgNO ) is the main component in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, namely silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Outcomes of infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: results from three NICHD studies.

Objective: To determine the association of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) with death or disability among infants with moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

Methods: We compared infants with and without PPHN enrolled in the hypothermia arm from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs): Induced Hypothermia trial, "usual care" arm of Optimizing Cooling trial, and Late Hypothermia trial. Primary outcome was death or disability at 18-22 months adjusted for severity of HIE, center, and RCT.

Structural characterization and developability assessment of sustained release hydrogels for rapid implementation during preclinical studies.

Sustained-release formulations are important tools to convert efficacious molecules into therapeutic products. Hydrogels enable the rapid assessment of sustained-release strategies, which are important during preclinical development where drug quantities are limited and fast turnaround times are the norm. Most research in hydrogel-based drug delivery has focused around synthesizing new materials and polymers, with limited focus on structural characterization, technology developability and implementation.

Bringing Health Care Closer to People - A Review of Various Telemedicine Models under the National Health Mission in India.

Telemedicine is an alliance between technology and medicine. It is a prevalent practice in developed countries; it has been widely used in developing countries to address the issues of access to medical care. India has been experimenting with telemedicine since long to address the issues of access and availability of specialist care and in recent years, with the rapid advancement of information technology, telemedicine has become a popular concept across the country.

Clearance prediction for Amgen molecules against Extended Clearance Classification System (ECCS) and future directions.

Early prediction of elimination pathways for new chemical entities can have a profound impact on drug discovery programs. The recently proposed Extended Clearance Classification System (ECCS) is a step in the right direction, providing a framework to help identify the major elimination pathway of a drug. A list of 42 Amgen small molecules was evaluated against the ECCS framework to assess its performance in retrospectively predicting their major elimination pathway.

Comparison of Prognostic Models in Acute Liver Failure: Decision is to be Dynamic.

Background And Aims: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease entity with a high mortality. Management is dependent on accurate prognostication.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive patients presenting with ALF were prospectively evaluated.

Three-Dimensional-Printed Model-Assisted Management of Craniovertebral Junction Abnormalities: An Institutional Experience with Literature Review.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility and limitations of using three-dimensional (3D)-printed models for the management of craniovertebral (CV) junction abnormalities.

Overview Of Literature: In comparison to other bony and vascular anomalies, CV junction abnormalities are difficult to treat.

Treatment with carvedilol improves survival of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: In addition to the portal pressure reducing effect, non-selective beta blockers (NSBBs) have possible immunomodulatory and effect in reducing bacterial translocation. Recently, it has been shown that patients who are already on NSBBs should be continued on them (if feasible), if acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) develops. It, however, remains unknown if patients with ACLF and no or small esophageal varices at presentation will benefit from the use of NSBBs.

Echocardiographic prediction of severe pulmonary hypertension in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Objective: Among neonates undergoing whole body cooling for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), to compare ventricular function in the presence and absence of pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) needing inhaled nitric oxide (iNO)/ECMO.

Design: This retrospective study included infants with HIE who underwent cooling. ECHO (<24 h age) measures, RV fractional area change (FAC), RV Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), myocardial performance indices (MPI), and the RV systolic to diastolic duration (S/D) ratio were evaluated.

Role of Nanomaterials for Forensic Investigation and Latent Fingerprinting-A Review.

The imminent nanotechnology and progressive instrumentations together have vast applications in the field of forensic science. Few prominent examples are gold nanoparticles for improvising the efficiency of polymerase chain reaction and atomic force microscopy for examining ink and bloodstains. Characteristics like distinct ridge details of fingerprints could be obtained by applying different nanoparticles such as silver, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, gold (with silver physical developer), europium, fluorescent carbon, and amphiphilic silica on a range of object surfaces, and among all, gold is most commonly used.

Hydrops Fetalis and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in a Neonate with Anti-E Alloimmunization.

Anti-E alloimmunization is the third most common cause of neonatal hemolytic disease, typically causing mild to moderate hemolytic anemia. We report an unusual case of severe hydrops fetalis and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) in a neonate with anti-E alloimmunization. Our case emphasizes the importance of close surveillance for development of severe fetal hemolytic anemia and possible need for antenatal intervention.

In-hospital outcomes of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Objective: To determine in-hospital outcomes of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study from 2005 to 2016 of neonates ≥35 weeks gestation with moderate/severe HIE, requiring ECMO for persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN).

Results: Our cohort (n = 20) received therapeutic hypothermia for moderate (n = 12), severe (n = 5), or undocumented severity (n = 3) of HIE.