Effect of mixed light emitting diode spectrum on antioxidants content and antioxidant activity of red lettuce grown in a closed soilless system.

Background: Light spectra have been demonstrated to result in different levels of comfort or stress, which affect plant growth and the availability of health-promoting compounds in ways that sometimes contradict one another. To determine the optimal light conditions, it is necessary to weigh the vegetable's mass against the amount of nutrients it contains, as vegetables tend to grow poorly in environments where nutrient synthesis is optimal. This study investigates the effects of varying light conditions on the growth of red lettuce and its occurring nutrients in terms of productivities, which were determined by multiplying the total weight of the harvested vegetables by their nutrient content, particularly phenolics.

CoPO Microplate/Bacterial Cellulose-Derived Carbon Nanofiber Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance.

Nanocrystalline CoPO and carbon nanofiber (CoPO/CNFs) composites with enhanced electrochemical performance were obtained by calcination after a hydrothermal process with NHCoPO∙HO/bacterial cellulose precursors under an argon atmosphere. SEM images showed that the CNFs were highly dispersed on the surfaces of CoPO microplates. The diagonal size of the CoPO plates ranged from 5 to 25 µm with thicknesses on a nanometer scale.

Combined effects of cations in fertilizer solution on antioxidant content in red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

Background: Red lettuce is consumed worldwide because it is a great source of natural antioxidants. To design a fertilizer formula to boost its nutritional value, this research simultaneously studied the effects of significant cations among the macronutrients for plant growth (K, Mg and Ca) and the effects of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution on phenolic compound production and mass productivity of hydroponically grown red lettuce.

Results: Red lettuce grown under the control treatment provided the highest mass productivity (under low-stress conditions).

Biomass and lipid enhancement in Ankistrodesmus sp. cultured with reused and minimal nutrients media.

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biofuel production. Lipid content in microalgae could be enhanced under nutrient depletion. This work investigated the effect of the nutrient on lipid accumulation in Ankistrodesmus sp.

Effect of daytime CO2 supplement on productivity and biochemical composition of Scenedesmus armatus under outdoor cultivation.

The cultivation of Scenedesmus armatus was carried out under outdoor Thailand climate conditions. The highest actual growth rate occurred at around 9:00 a.m.

Astaxanthin induction in Microalga H. pluvialis with flat panel airlift photobioreactors under indoor and outdoor conditions.

Astaxanthin was induced from Haematococcus pluvialis (NIES-144) under indoor and outdoor conditions using 17-, 50-, and 90-L flat-panel airlift photobioreactors (FP-APBRs). Preliminary experiments in 1.5-L bubble column photobioreactors (BC-PBRs) revealed that sterilized clean water with 3% CO2 aeration (1.

Synthesis of high-purity Na-A and Na-X zeolite from coal fly ash.

Unlabelled: Coal fly ash (CFA) was used as a raw material for the synthesis of zeolite molecular sieve. The synthesis began with the pretreatment of CFA to remove impurities (e.g.

Production of protein-rich fungal biomass in an airlift bioreactor using vinasse as substrate.

The potential for large-scale production of an edible fungus, Rhizopus oligosporus, on a liquid residue from sugar-to-ethanol production, vinasse, was investigated. An airlift bioreactor (2.5-L working volume) was used for cultivating the fungus on 75% (v/v) vinasse with nutrient supplementation (nitrogen and phosphorus) at 37°C and pH 5.

Microwave pretreatment of defatted rice bran for enhanced recovery of total phenolic compounds extracted by subcritical water.

Enhanced recovery of total phenolics (TP) from defatted rice bran (DRB) subjected to prior microwave pretreatment was achieved by subcritical water extraction (SWE). The effects of microwave pretreatment temperature (60-100°C) and duration (0-30 min) were determined at raw material:water ratios (1:2 and 1:5) for SWE under fixed conditions. Optimal extraction was observed at 80°C (for 10 min, at a ratio of 1:2).

Profiling and monitoring of DOM in brewery wastewater and treated wastewater.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in raw and treated wastewater from two breweries in Thailand was profiled and monitored for the purpose of water reclamation. The wastewater and the effluent from the use of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and activated sludge (AS) were collected and analyzed through a resin fractionation method using the fluorescent excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) technique. The results revealed that the major organic fractions in the brewery wastewater were hydrophobic acid (HPOA) and hydrophilic base (HPIB), accounting for 65% of total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mass for brewery A and 56% of total DOC mass for brewery B.

Zeolite formation from coal fly ash and its adsorption potential.

The possibility in converting coal fly ash (CFA) to zeolite was evaluated. CFA samples from the local power plant in Prachinburi province, Thailand, were collected during a 3-month time span to account for the inconsistency of the CFA quality, and it was evident that the deviation of the quality of the raw material did not have significant effects on the synthesis. The zeolite product was found to be type X.

Flat panel airlift photobioreactors for cultivation of vegetative cells of microalga Haematococcus pluvialis.

The novel flat panel airlift photobioreactor (FP-ALPBR) was proposed as an alternative system for the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis NIES-144. Changes in the efficiency of the system were tested in response to variations in two engineering parameters: the ratio between the downcomer and riser cross-sectional areas (A(d)/A(r)) and the size of the system (as determined by the length of the panel) and to one operating parameter: the superficial gas velocity (u(sg)). The best growth performance was obtained by operating the system at a superficial velocity of 0.

Dynamic and equilibrium studies of the RDX removal from soil using CMC-coated zerovalent iron nanoparticles.

Rapid chemical degradation of toxic RDX explosive in soil can be accomplished using zerovalent nanoiron suspension stabilized in dilute carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC-ZVINs). The effect of operating conditions (redox-potential, Fe/RDX molar ratio) was studied on batchwise removal of RDX in contaminated soil. While anaerobic conditions resulted in 98% RDX removal in 3 h, only slightly over 60% RDX removal could be attained under aerobic conditions.

Batch studies of adsorption of copper and lead on activated carbon from Eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn. bark.

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) prepared from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. bark was tested for its adsorption capacity for Cu(II) and Pb(II). The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature.

Life cycle assessment of bagasse waste management options.

Bagasse is mostly utilized for steam and power production for domestic sugar mills. There have been a number of alternatives that could well be applied to manage bagasse, such as pulp production, conversion to biogas and electricity production. The selection of proper alternatives depends significantly on the appropriateness of the technology both from the technical and the environmental points of view.

Influence of particle size and salinity on adsorption of basic dyes by agricultural waste: dried seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera).

Green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera was found to have reasonable adsorption capacity for basic dyes, Astrazon Blue FGRL (AB), Astrazon Red GTLN (AR), and Astrazon Golden Yellow GL-E (AY). The initial dye concentration was in the range of 100-1,800 mg/L. The dried algal sorbent was ground and sieved into 3 sizes: S (0.

Characterization of brewery wastewater with spectrofluorometry analysis.

The wastewater treatment systems from the three local breweries consist of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and activated sludge (AS) connected in series for which the influent and effluent from each treatment step were collected and determined for their dissolved organic matter (DOM) surrogate parameters including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV(254) and SUVA(254). The analyses suggested that the influent wastewater contained a high level of aromatic organic content classified as humic substances with high average molecular weight. Organic removal mostly occurred in the UASBs where DOC and UV(254) were reduced by 24-58% and 38-50%, respectively.

Activated carbon from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn bark using phosphoric acid activation.

The powdered activated carbon prepared by phosphoric acid activation was significantly affected by the carbonization temperature and the weight ratio between raw material and phosphoric acid. With an activation time of 1h and an impregnation ratio of 1:1, the activated carbons with better adsorption capacity were obtained at 500 degrees C. A reduction in the adsorption capacity of the carbon product at higher acid content than this was observed, possibly due to the collapse of the micropore structure.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with vegetable oils as co-solvent.

Soybean oil and olive oil were investigated as continuous co-solvents for supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Without co-solvents, only 25.40+/-0.

Batch and column studies of biosorption of heavy metals by Caulerpa lentillifera.

The biosorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) by a dried green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera was investigated. The sorption kinetic data could be fitted to the pseudo second order kinetic model. The governing transport mechanisms in the sorption process were both external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion.

Response surface methodology to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis.

Experimental design was used to investigate the effect of operating temperature (40-80 degrees C), operating pressure (30-50 MPa), and extraction time (1-4h) of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction on astaxanthin yields and the extract antioxidant activity (IC50). The ranges of the factors investigated were 40-80 degrees C for the operating temperature (X1), 30-50 MPa for the operating pressure (X2), and 1-4h for the extraction time (X3). The statistical analysis of the experiment indicated that pressure, extraction time, and the interaction between temperature and pressure (X1X2) had significant effect on astaxanthin yields.

Enhanced productivity of Chaetoceros calcitrans in airlift photobioreactors.

The various modes of cultivation of Chaetoceros calcitrans in airlift photobioreactors (ALPBRs) were examined. The batch system illustrated that the airlift configuration was superior to the bubble column as the airlift supported the circulation of the cell within the system, leading to a better light utilization. The cultivations in both semi-continuous and continuous systems resulted in a high cell productivity, although the steady state cell concentrations in both systems were lower than that obtained from the batch system.

High performance biosorbent (Caulerpa lentillifera) for basic dye removal.

The sorptions of three basic dyes, Astrazon((R)) Blue FGRL (AB), Astrazon((R)) Red GTLN (AR), and methylene blue (MB) onto green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera were investigated. The results were compared to the sorption performance of a commercial activated carbon (CARBON). The results revealed that the alga exhibited greater sorption capacities than activated carbon for the three basic dyes investigated in this work.

FTIR evaluation of functional groups involved in the formation of haloacetic acids during the chlorination of raw water.

This work investigated the formation potential of haloacetic acid (HAA) compounds in the raw water for the Bangkhen water treatment plant (Bangkok, Thailand). The resin adsorption technique (with three different types of resins, i.e.

Interaction between organic species in the formation of haloacetic acids following disinfection.

The formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) from the chlorination of individual and binary mixtures of organic fractions obtained from the intake of Bangkhen Water Treatment Plant in Bangkok, Thailand was investigated. Experimental results revealed that, as an individual fraction, hydrophobic base (HPOB) was the most active in forming HAAs (approx. 200 microg/mg) whereas hydrophilic acid (HPIA) was the least (approx.