Role of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Background: Although congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is the most common cause of neonatal hydronephrosis, aetiopathogenesis is still inconclusive. Recently, the paucity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) at the narrow adynamic part of UPJ has been implicated as a causative factor.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted between October 2019 and March 2022 to find out the density of ICC by the immunohistochemical method using CD117 (c-kit) antibody, in resected segments of UPJ in obstruction patients and in renal tumour patients as control.

Management outcomes of mesenteric cysts in paediatric age group.

Background: Mesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal masses and high index of suspicion is required to clinically suspect this pathology and make a definitive diagnosis. They are most commonly located in the ileal mesentery but can be located anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract mesentery and may extend into the retroperitoneum. The rarity of these anomalies and diversity of clinical picture pose challenges in the diagnosis and operative management.

Effectiveness of participatory women's groups scaled up by the public health system to improve birth outcomes in Jharkhand, eastern India: a pragmatic cluster non-randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The WHO recommends community mobilisation with women's groups practising participatory learning and action (PLA) to improve neonatal survival in high-mortality settings. This intervention has not been evaluated at scale with government frontline workers.

Methods: We did a pragmatic cluster non-randomised controlled trial of women's groups practising PLA scaled up by government front-line workers in Jharkhand, eastern India.

Immuno-inflammatory predictors of disease severity in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Deregulated immune response and raised inflammation are the cardinal laboratory features in COVID-19 infection reflecting severity of condition. Detection of the markers will help in early diagnosis with timely therapeutic implementation and effective outcome. Observational studies have suggested alteration in these parameters with severity of the condition.

Congenital pouch colon: A comparative study between two modalities of management.

Background: Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is an unusual anomaly with an unique geographical distribution. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of CPC among anorectal malformation (ARM) cases in our institute and to compare the outcome between conventional three-staged surgery versus two-staged management approach.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted in the department of pediatric surgery over a period of 7 years from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2020.

Congenital absence of jejunum and ileum: A case report and literature review.

We report an extremely rare finding 'congenital absence of jejunum and ileum' during explorative laparotomy of a 16-day-old female neonate. The dilated duodenum was terminating blindly, and the next segment of intestine was a peanut-sized cecum followed by microcolon. On an extensive survey of literature this type of intestinal atresia is not reported in living babies.

Apple-Peel Intestinal Atresia Along with Isolated Jejunal Duplication Cyst in a Newborn - An Extremely Rare Case Report and Brief Review.

Apple-peel type of intestinal atresia and non-communicating jejunal duplication cyst are rare congenital malformations. The coexistence is not reported in English literature. A five-day-old female neonate having intestinal obstruction and was found to have both the anomalies during laparotomy and was successfully managed.

Pheochromocytoma in a Child without Hypertension: A Contribution to the "Rule of 10s".

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from chromaffin tissue in adrenal medulla. Its diagnosis and treatment are well defined in adults, but experience in children is limited. Children constitute only 10% of reported cases, the average age at presentation being 11 years.

Economic evaluation of participatory learning and action with women's groups facilitated by Accredited Social Health Activists to improve birth outcomes in rural eastern India.

Background: Neonatal mortality remains unacceptably high in many low and middle-income countries, including India. A community mobilisation intervention using participatory learning and action with women's groups facilitated by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) was conducted to improve maternal and newborn health. The intervention was evaluated through a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in Jharkhand and Odisha, eastern India.

Colocolic Intussusception in a Child with Pathologic Lead Point Along with Intestinal Malrotation-A Rare Case Report and Brief Review.

Intestinal obstruction in children is frequently caused by intussusception and intestinal malrotation and when these two conditions co-exist, it is called Waugh's syndrome. Intussusception cases in children are mostly ileocolic, whereas, the colocolic variety is a rare entity and very few cases have been reported in literature. In all the reported cases of Waugh's syndrome, the intussusceptions were ileocolic type except one case, where colocolic type was mentioned with lymphangoima as Pathological Lead Point (PLP).

Social determinants of inequities in under-nutrition (weight-for-age) among under-5 children: a cross sectional study in Gumla district of Jharkhand, India.

Background: Jharkhand, a state with substantial tribal population in Eastern India has very high rate of undernutrition. The study tries to understand the social determinants of inequities in under-nutrition (weight-for-age) among children aged less than 5 years, in Gumla District of the State.

Methods: Cross sectional study of 1070 children from 32 villages of 4 Blocks of Gumla District.

Explaining the impact of a women's group led community mobilisation intervention on maternal and newborn health outcomes: the Ekjut trial process evaluation.

Background: Few large and rigorous evaluations of participatory interventions systematically describe their context and implementation, or attempt to explain the mechanisms behind their impact. This study reports process evaluation data from the Ekjut cluster-randomised controlled trial of a participatory learning and action cycle with women's groups to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes in Jharkhand and Orissa, eastern India (2005-2008). The study demonstrated a 45% reduction in neonatal mortality in the last two years of the intervention, largely driven by improvements in safe practices for home deliveries.