Evaluation of Salivary and Serum micro RNA 146a, 200c and its Target Gene PTEN in Chronic Periodontitis Patients and their Response to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy.

Background: Periodontitis destroys the tooth's supporting structures and attachment apparatus. Local or systemic factors can cause it. Traditionally, diagnosis is based on clinical parameters that may not consistently reflect an accurate confirmation.

Inhibition of proteasome activity facilitates definitive endodermal specification of pluripotent stem cells by influencing YAP signalling.

Aims: The knowledge of the molecular players that regulate the generation of endoderm cells is imperative to obtain homogenous population of pancreatic β-cells from stem cells. The Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been envisaged as a crucial intracellular protein degradation system, but its role in the generation of β-cells remains elusive. Hence, it would be appropriate to unravel the potential role of UPS in endoderm specification and utilize the understanding to generate β-cells from pluripotent stem cells.

A novel role of CD73-IFNγ signalling axis in human mesenchymal stromal cell mediated inflammatory macrophage suppression.

Introduction: Immunomodulation is the predominant mechanism via which Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate their therapeutic benefits. However, inconsistent success in numerous clinical trials warrants a better understating of the molecular mechanisms regulating their immunomodulatory properties. CD73, an ecto-5'-nucleotidase is abundantly expressed by MSCs, however its precise role in regulating their immunomodulatory properties is still elusive.

Nitrate-responsive transcriptome analysis of rice RGA1 mutant reveals the role of G-protein alpha subunit in negative regulation of nitrogen-sensitivity and use efficiency.

Nitrate-responsive transcriptomic, phenotypic and physiological analyses of rice RGA1 mutant revealed many novel RGA1-regulated genes/processes/traits related to nitrogen use efficiency, and provided robust genetic evidence of RGA1-regulation of NUE. Nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is important for sustainable agriculture. G-protein signalling was implicated in N-response/NUE in rice, but needed firm genetic characterization of the role of alpha subunit (RGA1).

Deubiquitinase USP1 influences the dedifferentiation of mouse pancreatic β-cells.

Loss of insulin-secreting β-cells in diabetes may be either due to apoptosis or dedifferentiation of β-cell mass. The ubiquitin-proteasome system comprising E3 ligase and deubiquitinases (DUBs) controls several aspects of β-cell functions. In this study, screening for key DUBs identified USP1 to be specifically involved in dedifferentiation process.

Advancement in Understanding the Concept of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic β-Cells: Implication in Diabetes.

Distinct molecular processes are engaged during histogenesis, and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is one of the key evolutionarily conserved processes that facilitates organ development. Molecular pathways governing EMT are embedded within developmental programs and operate in cells of different tissues. Among varied cell types, EMT in pancreatic β-cells is of greater interest as the existence of EMT in these cells is highly debated.

Dynamics of Ubiquitination in Differentiation and Dedifferentiation of Pancreatic β-cells: Putative Target for Diabetes.

Impairment in the function of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells is a hallmark of both type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D/T2D). Despite over a century of effort, there is still no precise treatment regimen available for acute diabetes. Enhancing the endogenous β-cells either by protecting them from apoptosis or dedifferentiation is a classic alternative to retaining the β-cell pool.

Estimation of neopterin as a biomarker in biofluids of pre and post-menopausal women after initial periodontal therapy: A biochemical assay.

Context: Periodontitis (PDD) is a chronic inflammatory condition by nature which destroys the surrounding tooth structures. Menopause (pre and post) worsens the inflammatory state. Biofluids could serve as sources of biomarkers that could diagnose or indicate the intensity and extent of both conditions.

Radiosurgery in periodontics: Have we forgotten it?

Radiosurgery (RS) has evolved from electrosurgery and uses ultra-high-frequency radio waves at a frequency ranging from 3 to 4 MHz. It is used to address numerous soft-tissue concerns in dentistry and as well as medicine with excellent and predictable results. A review of the indexed literature disclosed that RS has been employed for various periodontal procedures such as gingivectomy, gingivoplasty, crown lengthening, minimally invasive closed osteotomy, frenectomies, operculectomies, depigmentation, gingival curettage, periodontal flap procedures, mucogingival surgeries, harvesting soft-tissue grafts, and also in implantology.

Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Specifies Early Neural Commitment by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics.

Studies revealing molecular mechanisms underlying neural specification have majorly focused on the role played by different transcription factors, but less on non-nuclear components. Earlier, we reported mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) to be essential for self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). In the present study, we found SOD2 to be specifically required for neural lineage, but not the meso- or endoderm specification.

Detection of Focal and Non-Focal Electroencephalogram Signals Using Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform and Artificial Neural Network.

The discrimination of non-focal class (NFC) and focal class (FC), is vital in localizing the epileptogenic zone (EZ) during neurosurgery. In the conventional diagnosis method, the neurologist has to visually examine the long hour electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which consumes time and is prone to error. Hence, in this present work, automated diagnosis of FC EEG signals from NFC EEG signals is developed using the Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT) method, entropies, and artificial neural network (ANN).

Assessing Coronavirus Fear in Indian Population Using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.

The current study aimed to determine the level of fear of COVID-19 among Indian residents using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and compare it with demographic variables. This cross-sectional online survey conducted among the Indian population employed a convenient snowball sampling technique. Age, gender, marital status, educational qualifications, health care worker status and state of residence were the demographic details (six items) collected.

Does altering proteasomal activity and trafficking reduce the arborization mediated specific vulnerability of SNpc dopaminergic neurons of Parkinson's disease?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a late-onset degenerative neuronal disorder and stands second among the neurological disorders with 1% of the total world population being affected. The disease originates majorly due to compromised function of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc), but not the ventral tegmental area (VTA) region of the midbrain. The differential susceptibility for degeneration is majorly attributed to morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological heterogeneity existing in DA neurons of SNpc and VTA.

Biochemical Analysis of Three Biological Fluids and its Response to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Pre and Postmenopausal Women with Periodontitis.

Objectives: Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. The stages of menopause also worsen inflammatory condition. Biomarkers from biological fluids can be used as a diagnostic indicator to correlate these two conditions of present and future disease activity.

Evaluation of collagenase-3 matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene-associated polymorphisms 11A/12A and -77A/G and its associated alleles with and without periodontitis.

Context: Connective tissue devastation in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases is a major concern. There are several inflammatory mediators associated with this process among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a predominant role. Collagen degradation is primarily mediated by the collagenases.

Evaluation of periodontal response to nonsurgical therapy in pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis.

Context: : The influence of sex steroid hormones on periodontium can be lowered with good plaque control.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate periodontal status in pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis following nonsurgical therapy.

Settings And Design: Interventional pre-post clinical trial.

Correlative analysis of plasma and urine neopterin levels in the pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis, following nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Context: Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition which is distinguished by the devastation of the supported tooth structures. In such inflammatory conditions, some biomarkers such as neopterin will be secreted and elevated in the body fluids, which can be used as a diagnostic marker for the present and future disease activity.

Aims: Assessment of the neopterin as a biomarker in inflammatory conditions such as menopause and periodontitis.

A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Postmenopausal Females with Periodontitis and Its Response to a Non Invasive Clinical Approach.

Objectives: The influence of sex steroid hormones on periodontium can be knockdown with good plaque control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate periodontal status in pre- and postmenopausal women with periodontitis following non-surgical therapy.

Methods: Total 60 female patients' periodontal status was measured by periodontal index (PRI), and oral hygiene status was measured by plaque index (PI).

Cyclosporine A-Mediated IL-6 Expression Promotes Neural Induction in Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to neural lineages has gathered huge attention in both basic research and regenerative medicine. The major hurdle lies in the efficiency of differentiation and identification of small molecules that facilitate neurogenesis would partly circumvent this limitation. The small molecule Cyclosporine A (CsA), a commonly used immunosuppressive drug, has been shown to enhance in vivo neurogenesis.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Neopterin Levels and Its Effects to Periodontal Therapy in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women.

Objectives: Neopterin is a valuable diagnostic biomarker, which is elevated in inflammatory conditions like periodontitis, that is characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Among the biomarkers, neopterin occurs in body fluids, and acts as a diagnostic marker for present and future disease activity.

Methods: Thirty female subjects with chronic periodontitis, mean age 50 years (40-60 years) were included in this study.

Plasma Cell Gingivits-A Conflict of Diagnosis.

Plasma Cell Gingivitis (PCG) is a rare condition of the gingiva which is benign in nature. In this condition there is enlargement of the marginal and attached gingiva. It is not only unaesthetic in appearance but also causes difficulty in speech and mastication.

Effect of Alendronate with β - TCP Bone Substitute in Surgical Therapy of Periodontal Intra-Osseous Defects: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Alendronate (ALN), an aminobisphosphonate, inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and also stimulates osteogenesis. Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) is an osteoconductive graft material which provides a scaffold for bone formation and also a widely used drug delivery vehicle for growth factors and antibiotics. Drug delivery vehicles, like β-TCP, improve the potency of the drugs by specific local site delivery of the drug, optimal release characteristics and easy handling.

Novel role of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase in STAT3 dependent pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway maintains the stemness and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Detailed knowledge on key intermediates in this pathway as well as any parallel pathways is largely missing. We initiated our study by investigating the effect of small molecule Curcumin on various signalling pathways essential for self-renewal.

Platelet-rich fibrin, "a faster healing aid" in the treatment of combined lesions: A report of two cases.

Anatomically the pulp and periodontium are connected through apical foramen, and the lateral, accessory, and furcal canals. Diseases of one tissue may affect the other. In the present case report with two cases, a primary periodontal lesion with secondary endodontic involvement is described.