Endodontic Management of Maxillary Second Molar Tooth with a Single Root and Single Canal.

Comprehensive understanding of variations in the root canal morphology of a maxillary molar is useful for performing successful endodontic treatment in such cases. This case report describes endodontic management of a case with such aberrant root canal morphology of a maxillary second molar having a single root and single canal.

Cross-sectional CT Assessment of the Extent of Injectate Spread at CT Fluoroscopy-guided Cervical Epidural Interlaminar Steroid Injections.

Background Previous studies analyzed contrast agent spread during cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections (CILESIs) by using planar fluoroscopy and reported wide variance of the rate of spread to the ventral epidural space (VES). Cross-sectional CT allows for direct viewing of contrast agent in the VES, providing improved spread assessment and thereby informing needle placement decisions when targeting pain generators. Purpose To determine the extent of injectate spread at CT fluoroscopy-guided CILESI, with particular attention to the VES and bilateral neuroforamina, by using cross-sectional CT.

Noble metal-free bifunctional oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction acidic media electro-catalysts.

Identification of low cost, highly active, durable completely noble metal-free electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in PEM based water electrolysis and metal air batteries remains one of the major unfulfilled scientific and technological challenges of PEM based acid mediated electro-catalysts. In contrast, several non-noble metals based electro-catalysts have been identified for alkaline and neutral medium water electrolysis and fuel cells. Herein we report for the very first time, F doped Cu1.

Balloons in endovascular neurosurgery: history and current applications.

The use of balloons in the field of neurosurgery is currently an essential part of our clinical practice. The field has evolved over the last 40 years since Serbinenko used balloons to test the feasibility of occluding cervical vessels for intracranial pathologies. Since that time, indications have expanded to include sacrificing cervical and intracranial vessels with detachable balloons, supporting the coil mass in wide-necked aneurysms (balloon remodeling technique), and performing intracranial and cervical angioplasty for atherosclerotic disease, as well as an adjunct to treat arteriovenous malformations.