Etiologic fractions in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma in India with and without a background of cirrhosis: a multi-centric study.

Background: Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) typically arises in the background of cirrhosis. The epidemiology of HCC has changed in recent years due to availability of newer antivirals, changing life-styles and greater possibility for early detection. We undertook a multicentric national sentinel surveillance for liver cirrhosis and HCC to assess the attributable risk factors for the development of HCC, both with and without a background of cirrhosis.

Multiplex PCR for rapid differential diagnosis of co-prevalent species of Theileria (Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis) in cattle.

Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease that causes enormous losses in the dairy industry. There are several species of Theileria that can infect bovines. Generally, more than one species are prevalent in any geographical area; thus, chances of co-infections are high.

Stereoselective synthesis of CF-containing spirocyclic-oxindoles using -2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines: an update.

The introduction of fluorine-containing groups into organic molecules either changes or improves the characteristics of the target compounds. On the other hand, spirocyclic-oxindoles featuring C-3 functionalized sp-hybridized carbon atoms of three-dimensional orthogonally shaped molecules were well recognized in the core structure of varied natural products and synthetic pharmaceutical targets. Consequently, the construction of spirooxindoles by an elegant synthetic approach with efficient stereocontrol has received tremendous interest over the past decades.

Engineering of Hydrogenated (6,0) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube under Applied Uniaxial Stress: A DFT-1/2 and Molecular Dynamics Study.

Herein, we systematically studied the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of a hydrogenated (6,0) single-walled carbon nanotube [(6,0) h-SWCNT] under applied uniaxial stress from first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We have applied the uniaxial stress range from -18 to 22 GPa on the (6,0) h-SWCNT (- sign indicates compressive and + indicates tensile stress) along the tube axes. Our system was found to be an indirect semiconductor (Γ-Δ), with a band gap value of ∼0.

Evaluation of effects of temperature and humidity on the secondary structure of Ganirelix in an injectable formulation and comparison with Orgalutran® using circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Ganirelix, a drug used in in vitro fertilization (IVF), prevents ovulation in women who are not ready to have children by inhibiting a gene that produces gonadotropin. Peptides are macromolecules that are able to preserve a predetermined shape while carrying out the structural and regulatory roles for which they were originally intended. Peptide structures can be altered in the production and storage processes.

Carica Papaya Reduces High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Development of Inflammation in Adipocyte via IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α Mediated Signaling Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetic Rats.

The prevalence of obesity in contemporary society has brought attention to how serious it is all around the world. Obesity, a proinflammatory condition defined by hypertrophied adipocytes and immune cells that reside in adipose tissue, is characterized by elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines. The pro-inflammatory mediators trigger a number of inflammatory pathways and affect the phosphorylation of a number of insulin-signaling pathways in peripheral tissues.

Diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland on cytology specimens: Role of NOR-1 (NR4A3) immunohistochemistry.

Objectives: Acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) is often a challenging diagnosis on cytology. Recently, NOR-1 (NR4A3) has been demonstrated as a sensitive and specific marker for AcCC. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate NOR-1 expression in AcCC cytology specimens and to compare its reactivity in other salivary gland tumours (non-AcCC).

Germline protein, Cup, non-cell autonomously limits migratory cell fate in Drosophila oogenesis.

Specification of migratory cell fate from a stationary population is complex and indispensable both for metazoan development as well for the progression of the pathological condition like tumor metastasis. Though this cell fate transformation is widely prevalent, the molecular understanding of this phenomenon remains largely elusive. We have employed the model of border cells (BC) in Drosophila oogenesis and identified germline activity of an RNA binding protein, Cup that limits acquisition of migratory cell fate from the neighbouring follicle epithelial cells.

Mutated HRAS Activates YAP1-AXL Signaling to Drive Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer.

Unlabelled: The survival rate for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosed with cervical lymph node (cLN) or distant metastasis is low. Genomic alterations in the HRAS oncogene are associated with advanced tumor stage and metastasis in HNC. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which mutated HRAS (HRASmut) facilitates HNC metastasis could lead to improved treatment options for patients.

Avian strains of emerging pathogen are phylogenetically diverse and harbor the greatest AMR dissemination potential among different sources: Comparative genomic evidence.

Introduction: is regarded as an emerging pathogen with zoonotic potential. In the current study, we undertook source-wise comparative genomic analyses (resistome, virulome, mobilome and pangenome) to understand the antimicrobial resistance, virulence, mobile genetic elements and phylogenetic diversity of .

Methods: Six strains (5 multidrug resistant strains and 1 biofilm former) were isolated from poultry (duck faeces and retail chicken samples).

Grading system for medullary thyroid carcinoma; an institutional experience.

Objective: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare type of thyroid malignancy. Recently, a two-tier grading system (GS) for MTC has been suggested. We conducted this study to evaluate the generalizability, as well as application of recently proposed GS to our cohort of Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cases.

Direct Comparison of Peak Bulk Flow Rate of Programmable Intermittent Epidural Bolus and Manual Epidural Bolus Using a Closed-End Multiorifice Catheter: An Experimental Study.

Background: The programmable intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) has been popularized as the optimal delivery technique for labor analgesia. Suggested advantages of this method are less local anesthetic consumption, improved maternal satisfaction, potentially shorter duration of labor, and decreased workload requirements for the anesthesia providers. However, a manual bolus is still routinely used for breakthrough pain when the PIEB is underperforming.

Methylated ZNF582: a therapeutic target in oral cancer.

Tweetable abstract Zinc finger proteins control the transcription of downstream genes that are implicated in migration, invasion, cell death and proliferation. More mechanistic research on ZNF582 is needed to ascertain how this protein's methylation regulates the inflammatory pathway in oral cancer.

Association of Fibrinogen With Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Validation of a risk factor in a multifactorial disease like ischemic stroke is necessary to practice precision medicine. Many risk factors have been attributed to causing ischemic stroke but contribute very little to it. There are many risk factors that need to be validated, and fibrinogen is one such risk factor.

Evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes in Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA by genome duplication and transposon-mediated gene function alterations.

Background: Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous fungal pathogen that causes diseases in crops. The fungal strains are classified into anastomosis groups (AGs); however, genomic complexity, diversification into the AGs and the evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes remain poorly understood.

Results: We report a recent whole-genome duplication and sequential segmental duplications in AG1-IA strains of R.

The Scholarly Impact of Student Authorship in Ophthalmology.

 The H-index (H ), an author-level metric of scholarly impact, is predictive of future scientific achievement. We sought to analyze the scholarly impact of student authorship on the H of corresponding authors (CAs) within a major academic journal in the specialty of ophthalmology.  We compared the H of all unique CAs for manuscripts published in (Journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology) in 2008, 2012, and 2016.

Visible-light-induced organophotocatalytic and singlet oxygen-initiated domino construction of 1,4-dihydropyridines, C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines] and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno-[1,2-]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines].

A highly efficient pot, atom, and step economical method for the construction of pharmacologically potent structurally functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines, quaternary centered C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines], and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno[1,2-]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines] rose bengal photoredox catalysis under blue LED irradiation in an aqueous medium at room temperature has been developed. The products were isolated in excellent yields within a short reaction time for a variety of functional groups under transition metal- and ligand-free energy-efficient conditions in a green solvent system with high reaction mass efficiency and process mass intensity, which are the key advantages of the current work.

Short-term neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity.

Background: Maternal obesity complicates a high number of pregnancies. The degree to which neonatal outcomes are adversely affected is unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity.

Association of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (AT1R) Gene Polymorphism with Angiotensin II Serum Levels in Patients with Essential Hypertension.

Essential hypertension (EH) is a multifactorial, polygenic condition, and is one of the most important comorbidities that contributes to stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, and renal failure. The continuous increasing rate of morbidity and mortality associated with EH presents an unmet need of population-based studies to explore pathophysiology as well as newer strategies for better diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. This study aimed to determine genotype and allele frequencies of A1166C polymorphism of AT1R gene in Indian patients with EH and correlated with serum levels of Angiotensin II.

Upregulation of Neuroinflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Acute Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the inflammatory cytokine profile in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) compared to surgical controls. Vitreous humor was collected from patients undergoing vitrectomy for RRD and noninflammatory vitreoretinal diseases. A quantitative immunoassay was used to measure the levels of 36 cytokine markers.

Outcomes of relapsed/refractory extracranial germ cell tumors treated on conventional salvage chemotherapy without stem cell rescue: Experience from a tertiary cancer center.

Background And Aims: Data on the outcome and prognostic indicators in extracranial relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors (rel/ref-GCTs) in children are limited to a few studies. This study looks at remission rates and outcomes of rel/ref-GCTs treated with conventional salvage chemotherapy (SC) regimens without stem cell rescue at a single center in the developing world.

Methods: Patients treated at our center from January 2009 to December 2018 were included.

Production of Bovine Rotavirus VP6 Subunit Vaccine in a Transgenic Fodder Crop, Egyptian Clover (Berseem, Trifolium alexandrinum) that Elicits Immune Responses in Rabbit.

Group A rotavirus causes acute gastroenteritis in young ones of animals worldwide and is responsible for a high rate of their morbidity and mortality leading to huge economic losses. Developing affordable and safer vaccine on large scale is imperative to reach cattle population worldwide for the long-term control of diarrhea. Rotavirus middle capsid protein layer, VP6, is the most immunogenic and highly conserved protein that induces immune responses against rotavirus.

Modulation of Hook Extract on Cardioprotection by Ischemic Preconditioning in Hyperlipidaemic Rats.

Objectives: Hyperlipidemia (HL) is a major cause of ischemic heart diseases. The size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a cardioprotective phenomenon, is reduced in HL, possibly because of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The objective of this study is to see what effect pretreatment with Hook root extract (IrA) had on IPC-mediated cardioprotection on HL Wistar rat hearts.

Soil flooding and its outcome on cadmium and nutrient uptake affect photosynthetic activity in Inga laurina plants.

Urban areas next to mangroves are subject to progressive heavy metal contamination. Treelets of Inga laurina were collected in this ecosystem and cultivated for 30 days in waterlogged conditions and closed pots (WC) and at field capacity (FC), while exposed to different Cd concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg·kg). Soil water conditions did not affect total Cd in plants, with Cd accumulating in roots and WC inducing less leaf chlorophyll while increasing carotenoids and chlorophyll ratio.