Steroid-Eluting Implants: An Adjunctive Therapy After Double-Stage Laryngotracheal Reconstruction.

Objectives: The primary objective is to describe a case in which a steroid-eluting implant was utilized to help prevent postoperative granulation and restenosis in a patient who underwent double-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction (dsLTR) for subglottic stenosis.

Methods: This case presents a 3-year-old female who underwent dsLTR with anterior cartilage graft placement and posterior sagittal split for subglottic stenosis. A silicone stent was placed at the time of the dsLTR.

The effects of untreated reflux on the incidence of dysphagia, oral aversion, and feeding difficulty in the NICU population.

Objectives: To determine whether late-preterm and full-term neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) have an increased incidence of feeding difficulties, dysphagia, and oral aversion. To determine the incidence of reflux medication use in late-preterm and full-term neonates in the NICU.

Methods: Neonates greater than 34 weeks gestational age (GA) diagnosed with reflux, who were hospitalized for at least five days, were included in the study.

Utilization of intranasal ipratropium bromide in the prevention of recurrent croup events: Is it effective?

Objective: Recurrent croup (RC) is a common problem in the pediatric population. We theorize that reduced rhinorrhea and post-nasal drip as well as suppressed cough receptor activity by the anticholinergic, intranasal ipratropium bromide (IB), may lead to reduced inflammation and edema of the subglottis, decreasing RC symptoms. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of IB in improving symptoms of RC and in reducing the need for alternative forms of management.

The burden of laryngomalacia and its effects on caregivers: A support group survey evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate which factors may affect anxiety and child's health perception of parents with children that have laryngomalacia.

Study Design: Survey Study.

Setting: "Coping with Laryngomalacia" - largest online laryngomalacia support group for parents with children who have laryngomalacia.

Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty in Pediatric Patients: Is it Safe?

Objectives/hypothesis: The objective of this study is to demonstrate that balloon eustachian tuboplasty (BET) is safe and had limited complications in the pediatric patient population.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: This study analyzed the medical records of 43 consecutive encounters of patients under the age of 18 years old who underwent attempted BET.

Outcomes Using a Postoperative Protocol in Pediatric Single-Stage Laryngotracheal Reconstruction.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction (ssLTR) outcomes before and after the implementation of a postoperative care protocol in pediatric patients.

Methods: A case-control study with chart review was conducted at 2 tertiary academic centers from 2010 to 2016. Pediatric patients who underwent ssLTR with a postoperative care protocol were compared with those who did not receive care under this protocol.

Pediatric acquired subglottic stenosis: Associated costs and comorbidities of 7,981 hospitalizations.

Objectives: Numerous risk factors have been characterized for acquired subglottic stenosis (ASGS) in the pediatric population. This analysis explores the comorbidities of hospitalized ASGS patients in the United States and associated costs and length of stay (LOS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) from 2009 to 2012 for inpatients ≤ 20 years of age who were diagnosed with ASGS.

Structured care to improve outcomes in primary single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Purpose: To examine single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction (SSLTR) care to reduce complication and failure rate.

Methods: Forty-five patients that underwent primary SSLTR were examined retrospectively. All had pre-operative direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy with biopsy and MRSA screening.

Impact of Infant Supraglottoplasty on Quality of Life.

Objectives The objective of the present study is to examine the impact of supraglottoplasty on the quality of life (QOL) of caregivers and infants with severe laryngomalacia and moderate laryngomalacia with feeding difficulties. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary children's hospital.

Successful Placement of a BAHA Implant in a Patient With Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a spectrum of mechanobullous disorders characterized by blistering following minor trauma or traction to the skin. Hearing loss in this population is poorly described in the otolaryngology literature, and its treatment oftentimes results in external auditory canal skin irritation.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 26-year-old female with EB and mixed hearing loss unable to wear conventional hearing aids due to sequelae of the external auditory canals.

Characterization of Sleep Architecture in Down Syndrome Patients Pre and Post Airway Surgery.

Objectives: To define obstructive sleep architecture patterns in Down syndrome (DS) children as well as changes to sleep architecture patterns postoperatively.

Study Design: The study was a retrospective review.

Methods: Forty-five pediatric DS patients who underwent airway surgery between 2003 and 2014 at a tertiary children's hospital for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were investigated.

Novel Application of Steroid Eluting Stents in Choanal Atresia Repair: A Case Series.

Purpose: To describe the application of mometasone furoate eluting sinus stent technology in the treatment of choanal atresia (CA) in the hopes of preventing postsurgical stenosis.

Methods: We analyzed 3 consecutive patients aged 4 days to 16 years undergoing repair of CA at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Mometasone furoate eluting sinus stents were placed intraoperatively.

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Versus Balloon Sinuplasty with Ethmoidectomy: A 2-year Analysis in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

To evaluate the 2-year post-operative outcomes of pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treated with balloon catheter sinuplasty (BCS) and ethmoidectomy compared to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Two-group, retrospective cohort study of 28 children with CRS was performed. Of these 28 participants, 15 were treated with traditional FESS (53.

Outcomes and predictors of surgical management in type 1 laryngeal cleft swallowing dysfunction.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine the effect of and predict the success of type 1 laryngeal cleft (LC-1) augmentation through swallowing evaluations.

Study Design: Retrospective chart analysis.

Methods: Sixty-eight patients with LC-1s underwent interarytenoid injection laryngoplasty (IL) and were examined.

Pediatric Atypical Mycobacterium Infection Presenting as Wheezing and Concern for Foreign Body Aspiration.

Atypical mycobacterium infection most commonly presents as asymptomatic cervical lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. Over the last several decades, rates of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection have been increasing in both number and severity, with more cases of pulmonary infection reported in healthy children. However, guidelines on how to treat children with these infections remain unclear.

Transoral robotic surgery for sleep apnea in children: Is it effective?

Objectives: Children with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) as a result of base of tongue (BOT) or lingual tonsillar hypertrophy do not improve following adenotonsillectomy. In adults, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) offers a means of treating such patients, however the efficacy of this technique for children is not known. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of TORS BOT reduction and lingual tonsillectomy for treatment of pediatric OSAHS.

Clinical relevance of quality of life in laryngomalacia.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine aspects of laryngomalacia and correlate findings with quality of life (QOL).

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Seventy-two patients with laryngomalacia were examined; the mean age was 8.

The Role of the Modified Barium Swallow Study and Esophagram in Patients with Globus Sensation.

Globus sensation (GS) is a common benign finding that is often associated with frequent throat clearing and is commonly a result of laryngopharyngeal reflux. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the role of the modified barium swallow study (MBSS) with esophagram in the diagnosis and management patients who present with chief complaints of a GS. We hypothesize that these radiographic swallow studies do not add clinically significant information in the investigation of this common complaint.

Predictors of Airway Intervention in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema.

Objectives: Identify factors associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema (AIIA), including (1) time of presentation, (2) clinical symptoms, and (3) anatomical regions in the head and neck, that may indicate need for airway intervention.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Three university tertiary care hospitals.

Effect of Adenotonsillectomy on Central and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Down Syndrome.

Objectives: To determine and quantify changes in both central and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Down syndrome (DS) after adenotonsillectomy (AT).

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Comparative outcomes of severe obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric patients with Trisomy 21.

Objectives: To analyze the outcomes of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pediatric patients with Trisomy 21 compared with non-syndromic patients.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients with a diagnosis of severe obstructive sleep apnea, (defined as, Apnea-Hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 10) in a tertiary children's hospital. Data were analyzed for subjective and objective outcomes along with perioperative care and health care utilization.

Use of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in the management of psychogenic dysphagia in children.

Objectives: To describe the use of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) as an adjunct in the management of children presenting with psychogenic dysphagia, defined as food avoidance and excessive fear of eating without identifiable anatomic or functional swallowing abnormalities.

Methods: Case series of patients presenting to the otolaryngology clinic of a tertiary pediatric teaching hospital between 2007 and 2008 that were evaluated and managed with the utilization of FEES. The outcomes measured were age, gender, duration of symptoms, findings of FEES, additional work-up and resolution of symptoms at follow-up.

Complete second branchial cleft anomaly presenting as a fistula and a tonsillar cyst: an interesting congenital anomaly.

Branchial cleft anomalies make up 30% of all pediatric neck masses, but complete second branchial cleft anomalies are extremely rare. We report an unusual case of a complete second branchial cleft anomaly that presented as a draining neck fistula and a tonsillar cyst in an otherwise healthy 3-month-old girl. At the age of 7 months, the patient had been experiencing feeding difficulties, and there was increasing concern about the risk of persistent infections.

Role of polysomnography in the development of an algorithm for planning tracheostomy decannulation.

Objective: To examine the role of polysomnography (PSG) in helping determine readiness of tracheostomized patients for decannulation.

Study Design: Case series with chart review of pediatric patients who underwent PSG with tracheostomy tube in place with the goal of decannulation.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric center.

The utility of common surgical instruments for pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the correlation between surgical instrumentation and intraoperative surgical time, postoperative hemorrhage, and associated healthcare cost for pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective chart analysis.

Methods: Chart data were collected from pediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy from 2011 to 2013.