Development of a Computerized and Automated Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Application to Aid in Glaucoma Surgical Management.

Precise: In this article, we describe the development of validated software that automates cost-effectiveness analyses of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries based on modifications to robust mathematical models of glaucoma progression and management discussed in previous literature.

Purpose: To develop a validated application to streamline use of cost-effectiveness (CE) in clinical management and investigations of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) in the United States.

Design: Automated cost-utility analysis adapted from Markov models described in prior literature.

Outer radial glia promotes white matter regeneration after neonatal brain injury.

The developing gyrencephalic brain contains a large population of neural stem cells in the ventricular zone and outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), the latter populated by outer radial glia (oRG). The role of oRG during postnatal development is not well understood. We show that oRG cells increase proliferative capacity and contribute to oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) production following brain injury in human infants and neonatal piglets, whose brains resemble the human brain in structure and development.

Evaluation of a virtual multidisciplinary tracheostomy meeting for ward-based patients.

Background: Tracheostomy is frequently performed in an intensive care unit setting to progress the care of intubated patients. A multidisciplinary team follows up tracheostomised patients once transferred to the ward. A virtual tracheostomy multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) was established with the aim to standardize care for these patients.

Does the Experience Level of Surgeons and Assistants Influence the Rate of Complications Following Appendicectomy?

Background Appendicectomies are the most frequently performed acute general surgery. The risk of complications depends on several factors, including patient age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), duration of symptoms, serum inflammatory markers, and the grade of inflammation. Prior research failed to demonstrate a relationship between the rate of complications and the surgeon's level of experience.

Prevalence of substance use among adolescents residing in urban slums of Vellore: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Adolescent substance abuse is a growing public health concern. Adolescence is the starting point for adult substance misuse. The likelihood of acquiring dependence in adulthood is significantly decreased when substance use is not initiated during adolescence.

Chronic Inflammation Offers Hints About Viable Therapeutic Targets for Preeclampsia and Potentially Related Offspring Sequelae.

The combination of hypertension with systemic inflammation during pregnancy is a hallmark of preeclampsia, but both processes also convey dynamic information about its antecedents and correlates (e.g., fetal growth restriction) and potentially related offspring sequelae.

Evaluating Large Language Models in extracting cognitive exam dates and scores.

Ensuring reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in clinical tasks is crucial. Our study assesses two state-of-the-art LLMs (ChatGPT and LlaMA-2) for extracting clinical information, focusing on cognitive tests like MMSE and CDR. Our data consisted of 135,307 clinical notes (Jan 12th, 2010 to May 24th, 2023) mentioning MMSE, CDR, or MoCA.

Sex and Gender Health Education Tenets: An Essential Paradigm for Inclusivity in Dentistry.

Sex and gender are essential components of person-centered care. This article presents and discusses four important tenets regarding sex and gender health that should be incorporated into dental education and oral health care to foster inclusivity and improve care for all patients, including a sex and gender-diverse patient population.

Preexisting chronic pain is not associated with moderate-to-severe acute pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between preexisting chronic pain and acute postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and to identify predictors of acute postsurgery pain.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients undergoing LC with general anesthesia were enrolled. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate-to-severe pain during movement in the first 24 hours after surgery.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates and perspective with newer therapies.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare condition for which a remarkable change has been witnessed in the epidemiology, assessment and treatment landscape over the last three decades. Well-established registries from the Western world have not only highlighted the shift in the epidemiology to an older, more comorbid cohort but have also identified markers of prognosis that have been validated as part of risk stratification scores in multiple cohorts. The emphasis on early identification through a systematic assessment pathway and the option of upfront combination therapy with serial risk stratification assessment has laid the foundation for the standard of care and improved prognosis.

Performance optimization for solar photovoltaic thermal system with spiral rectangular absorber using Taguchi method.

Solar collector systems efficiently transform sunlight into energy that may be used to meet various needs. This research aimed to use the Taguchi method to determine the ideal operating parameters for a solar thermal collector with a rectangular spiral absorber. Controllable parameters including mass flow rate, solar radiation, and absorber design were manipulated during the energy recovery process, and features like PV temperature and outlet water temperature were used to assess the system's effectiveness.

"If You're Talking, I Think You're Muted": Follow-up Analysis of Weekly Peer Review Discussion and Plan Changes After Transitioning From Virtual to In-Person Format.

Aims: During the COVID-19 public health emergency, we previously identified decreased rates of radiotherapy (RT) peer review (PR) discussion and plan changes in virtual versus in-person PR conferences. To expand on these findings, we continued to prospectively collect data on all PR conferences from 2021 to 2023 and performed a follow-up analysis before and after the transition back to in-person PR.

Materials And Methods: A prospectively maintained database of weekly PR cases was queried for consecutive cases reviewed before and after the transition from virtual to in-person conferences.

Oral rehydration therapy and Zinc treatment among diarrhoeal children in India: Exploration from latest cross-sectional National Family Health Survey.

Background And Aims: Diarrhoea is one of the deadliest diseases and causing death among children in India, but no systematic attempt is made to understand it especially its control using oral rehydration salts (ORS). It is well known that use of ORS and Zinc have been effective in containing diarrhoea among children. An attempt is made using large scale national data set in India to understand use of ORS and Zinc to control diarrhoea and their associated factors among diarrhoeal children under five in India.

A systematic review of procedural and sampling techniques for cryobiopsy in interstitial lung disease.

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is an alternative to surgical lung biopsy for histopathological evaluation of unclassifiable interstitial lung disease (ILD) or ILD diagnosed with low confidence. This meta-analysis synthesised current literature regarding cryobiopsy diagnostic performance and safety, focusing on procedural and sampling techniques.

Methods: Medline and Embase were searched on 11 April 2022.

G-Hemin-loaded 2D nanosheets for combined and targeted chemo-photodynamic cancer therapy.

Synergetic combination therapy is emerging as one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. Among the various therapeutic approaches, PDT has received particular attention due to its non-invasive nature. However, the therapeutic performance of PDT is severely affected by tumour hypoxia.

Impact of intrapartum quality improvement interventions on stillbirths and other adverse pregnancy outcomes: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Stillbirths are a major global health concern. Half of stillbirths occur during intrapartum period, mostly in low- and middle-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Achieving a stillbirth rate of less than 12 per 1000 births by 2030 is the global target of Every Newborn Action Plan and Sustainable Development Goals.

Changes in body mass index and three-year incidence of overweight/obesity among urban women aged 30-40 years in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India: A non-concurrent cohort study.

Background: Although studies often report the prevalence of obesity, community-based studies reporting the incidence of overweight or obesity in India are scarce. Such incidence data are crucial for improving projections about the future burden of obesity.

Methods: A non-concurrent follow-up study was done in 2015 in urban Vellore, Tamil Nadu, among two groups of women aged 30-40 years, with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m (normal) and BMI ≥25 kg/m (overweight/obese) in 2012, to assess changes in BMI.

Comparative utility of MRI and EEG for early detection of cortical dysmaturation after postnatal systemic inflammation in the neonatal rat.

Background: Exposure to postnatal systemic inflammation is associated with increased risk of brain injury in preterm infants, leading to impaired maturation of the cerebral cortex and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the optimal method for identifying cortical dysmaturation is unclear. Herein, we compared the utility of electroencephalography (EEG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) at different recovery times after systemic inflammation in newborn rats.

Correlates of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in India: Change as evidenced from NFHS- 4 and 5 during 2015-2021.

Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) have been on the rise in recent decades all over the world more remarkably in developing countries like India. We intend to measure the prevalence of DM and HTN in the Indian population and to compare the trends and various correlates of these diseases in NFHS (National Family Health Survey)-4 and 5. Data of NFHS-4 and 5 were accessed from dhs program website.

Characteristics of Bachaur bull semen.

The Bachaur is a mediumized draft purpose breed which has been recognized by ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) Karnal, India, and presently is on the verge of extinction. Since there are no data regarding the seminal parameters of this breed, this work was performed to evaluate seminal parameters of freshly ejaculated semen. A total of three healthy breeding Bachaur bulls aged 2.

Quercetin in semen extender curtails reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and improves functional attributes of cryopreserved buck semen.

Cryopreservation of goat spermatozoa is challenging due to several factors, including one of the most essential, i.e., oxidative stress.

Study on Universal Health Coverage Scheme in India - The Stumper to Private Hospitals.

Background: Many governments have introduced health insurance schemes for the poor sections of society to save them from catastrophic health expenditure. Private hospitals play a key role in India, as they are in significant number in secondary and tertiary care services. Private hospitals have to fund their infrastructure, staff salaries from the revenue of previous year.

Analgesic Efficacy of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Positioning During Spinal Anesthesia in Patients with Femur Fractures.

Background Positioning patients with femur fractures for spinal anesthesia is associated with excruciating pain. Fascia iliaca compartment block has the potential to block all nerves supplying the femur and therefore may provide effective analgesia during positioning these patients for spinal anesthesia. Objective To assess the analgesic efficacy of Fascia iliaca compartment block, during positioning patients with femur fracture for spinal anesthesia.