Spatial-Temporal Diversity of Extrachromosomal DNA Shapes Urothelial Carcinoma Evolution and Tumor-Immune Microenvironment.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) presents a promising target for cancer therapy; however, its spatial-temporal diversity and influence on tumor evolution and the immune microenvironment remain largely unclear. We apply computational methods to analyze ecDNA from whole-genome sequencing data of 595 urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients. We demonstrate that ecDNA drives clonal evolution through structural rearrangements during malignant transformation and recurrence of UC.

Association Between Post-Transplant Vitamin D, Metabolic Syndrome, and Post Transplant Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and diabetes have been observed in the general population, but are less delineated in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), especially in the context of highly-prevalent metabolic syndrome (MetS) features in KTR. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency may present greater risk in KTR in those with greater burden of MetS features.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1792 KTR with no treated diabetes at transplant between 1998 and 2018.

Visual angles and emotional valence affect temporal dynamics of neural representations of facial expression: An MEG study.

Emotion processing has been a focus of research in Cognitive Neuroscience for decades. While the evoked neural markers as brain activations in response to different emotions have been reported, the temporal dynamics of emotion processing have received little attention. Furthermore, behavioral studies have found that the right side of the human face expresses emotions more accurately than the left side.

Fungal mediated production of novel metabolites of meloxicam and their tankyrase-2 inhibition potentials: an in silico study.

The current study focuses on the isolation of a thermophilic fungus capable of biotransforming meloxicam to produce novel metabolites with potential tankyrase inhibitory properties. The isolated strain is identified as Rhizomucor pusillus, confirmed through both morphological and molecular methodologies. The biotransformation process was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with a two-stage fermentation approach.

Prevalence of Mpox Vaccine Acceptance Among Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a re-emerging viral disease. Vaccine acceptance is crucial for preventing its spread. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the acceptance of the Mpox vaccine among student populations.

Mapping the landscape of childhood obesity: genomic insights and socioeconomic status in Indian school-going children.

Objective: Childhood obesity (OB) is influenced by complex gene-environmental interaction. While genetics of adult OB have been extensively studied, polygenic childhood OB in non-European populations is still underexplored. Furthermore, in a developing nation such as India, how the environmental component strongly modulated by the socioeconomic status (SES) shapes the genetic susceptibility is crucial to understand.

Assessment of Renal Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease with and without Hypothyroidism.

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with a bi-directional relationship to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), presenting a notable complication in CKD patients. This study aimed to explore the impact of hypothyroidism on kidney function in CKD patients.

Materials And Methods: This study included 150 participants, with 110 CKD patients without hypothyroidism and 40 CKD patients with hypothyroidism.

Global prevalence of falls among older adults with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Falls are a significant health concern among older adults, particularly those with cancer, due to aging-related frailty, treatment-related adverse effects, and comorbidities. Existing reviews have highlighted the burden of falls in this population; however, the absence of a comprehensive meta-analysis to synthesize pooled results from relevant studies has limited the generalizability of their findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of falls among older adults with cancer and provide evidence to guide prevention efforts.

Breakage fusion bridge cycles drive high oncogene number with moderate intratumoural heterogeneity.

Oncogene amplification is a key driver of cancer pathogenesis. Both breakage fusion bridge (BFB) cycles and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) can lead to high oncogene copy numbers, but the impact of BFB amplifications on intratumoral heterogeneity, treatment response, and patient survival remains poorly understood due to detection challenges with DNA sequencing. We introduce an algorithm, OM2BFB, designed to detect and reconstruct BFB amplifications using optical genome mapping (OGM).

Short course of low-dose steroids for management of delayed pericontusional edema after mild traumatic brain injury - A retrospective study.

Background: Secondary insults such as brain edema is commonly observed after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and remains an important cause of neurological deterioration. Based on the corticosteroid randomisation after significant head injury (CRASH) trial findings, Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines recommend against giving steroids in TBI. However, the findings of two recent clinical studies suggest that there may be a subset of patients who may benefit from steroids.

Burden and regional disparities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in India: Insights from the global burden of disease data and projections for future incidence.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. This study aims to analyze regional trends and project future burden of COPD in India using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990-2021.

Methods: This analysis utilized data from the GBD study to assess age-standardized prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (ASDR), and mortality rates (ASMR) for COPD across Indian states.

The role of exosomal non-coding RNAs in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment.

The leading form of cancer affecting females globally is breast cancer, characterized by an unregulated growth of cells within the breast. Therefore, examining breast tissue is crucial in accurately identifying and treating this disease. Exosomes are very small enclosures bounded by a layer of cells and produced by a variety of cells present in the cancerous tissue surroundings.

Microplastics in rivers of Gujarat (India) until the Arabian Sea: assessment of the sources, distribution and associated environmental risk.

Microplastics (MPs) have become a notable concern and are released into the environment through the disposal or fragmentation of large plastics. Rivers have been the major pathways for MPs present in the oceans, which significantly affects the marine environment. In the current study, water samples were collected from the upper stream and downstream of Damanganga and Tapi rivers across different sites in the state of Gujarat, India for exploration of MPs contamination.

Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 from North India: a rare monogenic condition mimicking Crohn's disease.

Multiple chronic ulcers of the small intestine are primarily attributed to Crohn's disease. Other differential diagnoses include rare monogenic disorders caused by mutations in and , the latter responsible for chronic enteropathy associated with (CEAS), a condition mainly reported in Asian patients. We present the case of a 10-year-old girl from India with a 5-year history of abdominal pain, altered bowel habits and failure to gain weight.

Association Between SHBG Levels and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) regulates sex hormone availability and is influenced by metabolic factors. Variations in SHBG levels during pregnancy may affect the development of hypertensive disorders such as gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE). This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the potential of SHBG as a biomarker for predicting GH and PE.

Patterns and trends in burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021 among South Asian countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: Asthma poses a significant health burden in South Asia, with increasing incidence and mortality despite a global decline in age-standardized prevalence rates. This study aims to analyze asthma trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across South Asia. The study also assesses the impact of risk factors like high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and occupational exposures on asthma outcomes.

Corrigendum to "Screening and validation of novel serum panel of microRNA in stratification of prostate cancer" [Prostate Int 11 (2023) 150-158].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.

Insights into the biogenic production of nanocomposites of NiO-chitosan for wastewater remediation.

In our study, we have tried to enhance the biological qualities of nickel oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites which were prepared using the extract of Aegle marmelos tree leaves and chitosan biopolymer. For in-depth study of the fabricated samples, numerous physiochemical approaches were utilized. The analysis used consists of field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Evaluation of the altered enzymatic and pollen activity in sunflower on application of nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles play a significant role in enhancing crop yield and reducing nutrient loss through precise nutrient delivery mechanisms. However, it is imperative to ascertain the specific plant physiology altered by these nanoparticles. This study investigates the effects of green-synthesized nanoparticles, specifically boron nitride and sulphur, on sunflower yield, seed quality, and physiological activities.

Measurement of natural radionuclides and health risk assessment in soil samples of the Main Central Thrust region in Garhwal Himalaya, India.

Ionizing radiation emitted from radionuclides is present everywhere in the environment. It is the main source of health hazards to the general public. The present study elaborates on the analysis of primordial radionuclides in the collected soil samples from the Main Central Thrust (MCT) region of Uttarakhand Himalaya in a grid pattern.

A Five-Year Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Standard-Dose Versus Low-Dose Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus With or Without Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Post Kidney Transplantation.

Introduction: Novel approaches to improve long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients are required. Here, we present the 5-year data from a multicenter, prospective, Phase 3b trial evaluating treatment outcomes with standard (STD) or low (LOW) dose prolonged-release tacrolimus (TAC) combined with ACEi/ARB or other antihypertensive therapy (OAHT) in Canadian kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: Adult de novo kidney transplant recipients were randomized 2 × 2 to STD or LOW dose TAC and ACEi/ARB or OAHT.

Canadian Highly Sensitized Patient Program Report: A 1000 Kidney Transplants Story.

Purpose: Highly sensitized patients (HSPs) with kidney failure have limited access to kidney transplantation and poorer post-transplant outcomes. Prioritizing HSPs in kidney allocation systems and expanding the pool of deceased donors available to them has helped to reduce their wait times for transplant and enhanced post-transplant outcomes. The Canadian HSP Program was established by Canadian Blood Services in collaboration with provincial organ donation and transplantation programs throughout the country to increase transplant opportunities for transplant candidates needing very specific matches from deceased kidney donors.

Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major global health concern, affecting maternal and child health. Although genetic predispositions and individual medical histories are well-recognized risk factors, emerging research suggests a significant impact of external factors like neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes the association between neighborhood deprivation and GDM incidence.

Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing.

Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity.