A systematic literature review of fenugreek seed toxicity by using ToxRTool: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies.

Fenugreek () seed extract is a bioactive ingredient of many food supplements. Hence, there is a need for systematic assessment of the quality of published toxicological studies for its use in human health, hazard consideration, and risk assessment. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the reliability of published toxicological studies of fenugreek seed by using ToxRTool (Toxicological data reliability assessment tool).

Low molecular weight galactomannans-based standardized fenugreek seed extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice modulation of FASn, IL-6, leptin, and TRIP-Br2.

: Obesity is a complex, chronic metabolic disorder and its prevalence is increasing throughout most of the world. Low molecular weight galactomannans-based standardized fenugreek seed extract (LMWGAL-TF) has previously shown anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential. : To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of LMWGAL-TF in treating high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice.

Ameliorative effects of type-A procyanidins polyphenols from cinnamon bark in compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation.

Allergic diseases are a significant health concern in developing countries. Type-A procyanidin polyphenols from cinnamon ( Blume) bark (TAPP-CZ) possesses antiasthmatic and antiallergic potential. The present study was aimed at the possible anti-allergic mechanism of TAPP-CZ against the compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced mast cell degranulation in isolated rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs).

Glycosides Based Standardized Fenugreek Seed Extract Ameliorates Bleomycin-induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats Via Modulation of Endogenous Enzymes.

Background: Liver fibrosis a complex process of excess collagen deposition resulted in disturbance of hepatic cellar function. Glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract (SFSE-G) has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic properties.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of SFSE-G against bleomycin (BLM)-induced liver fibrosis in laboratory animals.

Preclinical Toxicological Evaluation of IDM01: The Botanical Composition of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine- and Trigonelline-based Standardized Fenugreek Seed Extract.

Objective: To evaluate acute oral toxicity (AOT), subchronic (90-day repeated dose) toxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity potential of IDM01, the botanical composition of 4-hydroxyisoleucine- and trigonelline-based standardized fenugreek ( L) seed extract in laboratory rats.

Materials And Methods: The AOT and subchronic (90-day repeated dose) toxicity were evaluated using Sprague-Dawley rats as per the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines No. 423 and No.

Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study of Glycosides-based Standardized Fenugreek Seed Extract in Rats.

Context: Glycoside-based standardized fenugreek seed extract (SFSE-G) demonstrated promising efficacy in animal models of immune-inflammatory conditions.

Aim: The present study was aimed at embryo-fetal development toxicity evaluation of SFSE-G in Wistar rats as per guideline No. 414 of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Acute and repeated doses (28 days) oral toxicity study of Vicenin-1, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from fenugreek seeds in laboratory mice.

Vicenin-1 (fenugreek glycoside) has been proven to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. The objective of the present investigation was to determine in-vivo acute and subacute (28-days repeated dose) oral toxicity of Vicenin-1 isolated from fenugreek seed. Vicenin-1 (93%) was isolated from a hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek seed and characterized using HPLC, TLC, H NMR and C NMR.

Development and validation of HPLC method for vicenin-1 isolated from fenugreek seeds in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion studies.

Context: Vicenin-1, a flavonol glycoside, has potent platelet aggregation inhibition, antioxidant, radioprotectants and anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective: To establish a rapid, simple, precise and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of vicenin-1 in rat plasma, and to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion after a single 60 mg/kg oral dose in rats.

Materials And Methods: Vicenin-1 was extracted by solid-liquid extraction through Tulsicon ADS-400 (0.

Effects of 4-hydroxyisoleucine from Fenugreek Seeds on Depression-like Behavior in Socially Isolated Olfactory Bulbectomized Rats.

Context: Antidepressant-like effects of (2S, 3R, 4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HI), a major amino acid from fenugreek seeds, has been reported in the animal model of acute depression.

Aims: To evaluate effects of subacute administration of 4-HI in animal model of stress-induced depression namely socially isolated olfactory bulbectomized rats.

Materials And Methods: Bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) were induced in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats.

Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion study of a furostanol glycoside-based standardized fenugreek seed extract in rats.

The furostanol glycoside isolated from the seed of fenugreek (SFSE-G) has an array of pharmacological activities. To date, no validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been reported for quantification of SFSE-G in biological samples. Hence, the aim of the present study was to study the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion profiles of SFSE-G after oral administration in rats.

Effect of glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Decisive role of Bax, Nrf2, NF-κB, Muc5ac, TNF-α and IL-1β.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive multifactorial disease with limited therapeutic options. Glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract (SFSE-G) possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant property.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of SFSE-G against bleomycin (BLM) induced pulmonary fibrosis by assessing behavioral, biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural changes in the laboratory rats.

Acute and repeated doses (28 days) oral toxicity study of glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract in laboratory mice.

The objective of the present work was to study acute and subacute (28-days repeated dose) oral toxicity effect of glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract (SFSE-G) in vivo. SFSE-G was prepared by resin-based chromatography and standardized to glycosides namely trigoneoside Ib (76%) and vicenin 1 (15%). The acute oral toxicity (AOT) and subacute toxicity studies were performed in Swiss albino mice (5 mice/sex/group) as per OECD 425 (up-and-down procedure) and OCED 407 guidelines respectively.

Anti-allergic effect of intranasal administration of type-A procyanidin polyphenols based standardized extract of cinnamon bark in ovalbumin sensitized BALB/c mice.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate anti-allergic effects of intranasal administration of type-A procynidines polyphenols (TAPP) based standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (TAPP-CZ) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental allergic rhinitis (AR) in BALB/c mice. Sixty male BALB/c mice were divided into six groups of ten each (G1-G6). The mice from G1 were nonsensitized and maintained as normal group.

Protective effect of Hygrophila spinosa against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Objective: To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Hygrophila spinosa (HSME) (Acanthaceae) in (CP)-induced acute renal failure in rats.

Materials And Methods: HSME (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight), were administered orally to male wistar albino rats.CP was used to induce acute renal failure.

Protective effect of aqueous extract of Feronia elephantum correa leaves on thioacetamide induced liver necrosis in diabetic rats.

Objective: To evalueate hepatoprotective effects Feronia elephantum (F. elephantum) correa against thioacetamide (TA) induced liver necrosis in diabetic rats.

Methods: Male wistar rats were made diabetic with alloxan (160 mg/kg) on day 0 of the study.

Efficacy and safety of standardized extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L seeds as an adjuvant to L-Dopa in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease.

The objective of this study is to evaluate disease modifying efficacy and safety of a standardized extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L, Fenugreek (IBHB) (family Fabaceae) as a nutritional adjuvant to Levo-dopa (L-Dopa) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We conducted double-blind placebo-controlled proof of concept clinical study of IBHB capsules (300 mg, twice daily) with matching placebo for 6 months of period in 50 patients of PD stabilized on L-Dopa therapy. The efficacy outcome measures were the scores of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS - total and its subsections), and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging at baseline and end of 6-months treatment duration.

Neurobehavioral assessment of hydroalcoholic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds in rodent models of Parkinson's disease.

Context: Neuroprotective therapy to rescue dopaminergic neurons is an important trait in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: The present study identified and evaluated SFSE-T, a standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds (Fabaceae), in animal models of PD.

Effect of Hygrophila spinosa in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in rats.

Objective: Hygrophila spinosa (Acanthaceae) is traditionally used to treat urinary calculi. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of methanolic extract of Hygrophila spinosa (Acanthaceae) in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasic rats.

Materials And Methods: Methanolic extract of Hygrophila spinosa (HSME) (250 and 500 mg/ kg body weight) was administered orally to male Wistar albino rats.

Ameliorative effects of standardized extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds on painful peripheral neuropathy in rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the standardized extract of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Family: Leguminasae) seed (IND01) in animal models of peripheral neuropathy.

Methods: IND01 was prepared from fenugreek seeds and standardized by high performance liquid chromatography to a marker compound, trigonelline.

H. Spinosa T. Anders ameliorates diabetic neuropathy in Wistar albino rats.

Diabetic neuropathic pain, an important microvascular complication in diabetes, is recognised as one of the most difficult types of pain to treat. The development of tolerance, inadequate relief, and potential toxicity of classical antinociceptives warrant the investigation of the newer agents to relieve this pain. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, increased oxidative stress, cytokines, and apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

Anti-asthmatic potential of chrysin on ovalbumin-induced bronchoalveolar hyperresponsiveness in rats.

Context: Chrysin, a flavonoid obtained from various natural sources, has been reported to act as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. However, its anti-allergic action is not fully understood.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the in vivo anti-asthmatic activity of chrysin.

Effect of furostanol glycosides from Trigonella foenum-graecum on the reproductive system of male albino rats.

Trigonella foenum (TF) has long been used in the traditional Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The objective was to study the anabolic and androgenic activity of the furostanol glycosides fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenu-FG) in immature castrated male Wistar rats. It was also aimed to investigate the effect of Fenu-FG on testicular histology in non-castrated immature rats.

beta-adrenoreceptor blocking and antihypertensive activity of PP-24, a newly synthesized aryloxypropanolamine derivative.

PP-24 is a newly synthesized putative beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. The objective of the study was to the evaluate beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of PP-24 on isolated rat preparations: right atria, uterus and colon. Effects on the rat ECG and renal hypertension (induced by left renal artery ligation) were also investigated.

Interaction of Aqueous Extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel-Champ. with Glyburide in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice.

Mushrooms are low calorie food with very little fat and are highly suitable for obese persons. With no starch and very low sugars, they are the 'delight of the diabetics'. Combination of herbal drugs (or isolated phytochemicals) is found to be beneficial in certain diseases when given along with conventional drugs.

Anorexic effect of (R)-sibutramine: comparison with (RS)-sibutramine [corrected] and (S)-sibutramine.

Sibutramine is one of the very few drugs that are approved for long-term treatment of obesity. Sibutramine is a racemic mixture (RS) containing two equal forms of the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers. In this paper, we have investigated comparative anorexic effect of sibutramine enantiomers and their recemate form in rats.