Why Bestatin Prefers Human Carnosinase 2 (CN2) to Human Carnosinase 1 (CN1).

Human carnosinases (CNs) are Xaa-His metal-ion-activated aminopeptidases that break down bioactive carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides. Carnosine is a bioactive peptide found in meat and prevalently used as a supplement and in functional food formulation. Nonetheless, carnosine is digested by CNs rapidly after ingestion.

How a mixture of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) and microRNA-144 (miR-144) cancer biomarkers interacts with a graphene quantum dot.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are small non-coding RNAs have been reported to be potential cancer biomarker. However, it is difficult to extract such short RNA from a sample matrix. New effective strategies are required.

Aggregation of Apo/Glycated Human Serum Albumins and Aptamer-Saturated Graphene Quantum Dot: A Simulation Study.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a protein carrier that transports a wide range of drugs and nutrients. The amount of glycated HSA (GHSA) is used as a diabetes biomarker. To quantify the GHSA amount, the fluorescent graphene-based aptasensor has been a successful method.

Comparative studies of structure and dynamics of caprine, leporine, ovine, and equine serum albumins.

Serum albumin (SA) is the most prevalent protein found in blood. Human albumin was used as an albumin substitute in hypoalbuminemia pets due to high sequence similarity. SAs from furry animals were also reported to be the major indoor allergens.

Binding Modes of Carnostatine, Homocarnosine, and Ophidine to Human Carnosinase 1.

Carnosine (CAR), anserine (ANS), homocarnosine (H-CAR), and ophidine (OPH) are histidine-containing dipeptides that show a wide range of therapeutic properties. With their potential physiological effects, these bioactive dipeptides are considered as bioactive food components. However, such dipeptides display low stability due to their rapid degradation by human serum carnosinase 1 (CN1).

Molecular dynamics simulations of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) crossing gram-negative bacterial membrane.

Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide exhibiting a wide range of antimicrobial activities. It plays an important role in mucosal immunity of the small intestine. HD5 exerts its bactericidal activities through multiple mechanisms, one of which involves HD5 inducing the formation of pores in the bacterial membrane, subsequently allowing the peptide to enter the bacterial cytoplasm.

Structural and dynamic properties of urinary human serum albumin fragments: a molecular dynamics study.

A microalbuminuria level acts as a good index to screen and monitor diabetes and renal failure. However, the urinary albumin loss after sample preservation and storage is the major bottleneck to obtain the accurate microalbuminuria test. Such loss is due to the rapid albumin fragmentation by urinary proteases.

Binding of Apo and Glycated Human Serum Albumins to an Albumin-Selective Aptamer-Bound Graphene Quantum Dot Complex.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease involving continued elevated blood glucose levels. It is a leading cause of mortality and reduced life expectancy. Glycated human serum albumin (GHSA) has been reported to be a potential diabetes biomarker.

Structural and Dynamic Alteration of Glycated Human Serum Albumin in Schiff Base and Amadori Adducts: A Molecular Simulation Study.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a protein carrier in blood transporting metabolites and drugs. Glycated HSA (GHSA) acts as a potential biomarker for diabetes. Thus, many attempts have been made to detect GHSA.

Exploring the structural and dynamic differences between human carnosinase I (CN1) and II (CN2).

Human carnosinases (CNs) are dimeric dipeptidases in the metallopeptidase M20 family. Two isoforms of carnosinases (Zn -containing carnosinase 1 (CN1) found in serum and Mn -carnosinase 2 (CN2) in tissue) were identified. Both CNs cleave histidine-containing (Xaa-His) dipeptides such as carnosine where CN2 was found to accept a broader spectrum of substrates.

Observing How Glutathione and S-Hexyl Glutathione Bind to Glutathione S-Transferase from () .

is one of the most widespread ticks causing a massive loss to livestock production. The long-term use of acaracides rapidly develops acaracide resistance. In , enhancing the metabolic activity of glutathione S-transferase (RmGST) is one of the mechanisms underlying acaracide resistance.

Effects of Boric Acid and Storage Temperature on the Analysis of Microalbumin Using Aptasensor-Based Fluorescent Detection.

The instability of human serum albumin (HSA) in urine samples makes fresh urine a requirement for microalbumin analyses using immunoturbidimetry. Here, we determined the ability of an aptasensor-based fluorescent platform to detect microalbumin in old, boric acid-preserved urine samples. Our results show that the cleavage site of protease enzymes on urine albumin protein differed from the binding position of the aptamer on HSA protein, suggesting the aptasensor may be effective for albumin detection in non-fresh urine.

Elucidating structure and dynamics of glutathione S-transferase from .

is tick parasite that affects the cattle industry worldwide. In , acaricide resistance develops rapidly against many commercial acaricides. One of main resistance strategies is to enhance the metabolic detoxification mediated by glutathione-S-transferase (RmGST).

The aggregation of multiple miR-29a cancer biomarkers induced by graphene quantum dots: Molecular dynamics simulations.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a role in regulating gene expression. MiRNAs are focused on as potential cancer biomarkers due to their involvement in the cancer development. New effective techniques for extracting miRNA from a biological matrix is important.

What Happens When a Complementary DNA Meets miR-29a Cancer Biomarker in Complex with a Graphene Quantum Dot.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules, serve as potential cancer biomarkers due to their involvement in cancer development. One of the strategies to extract miRNAs is to perform the miRNA adsorption on nanomaterials and dissociation by a complementary DNA strand (DNA probe). Recently, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were found to show a good ability to absorb miRNAs.

What make malarial adenosine deaminase from PLASMODIUM VIVAX recognise adenosine and 5'-methylthioadenosine: simulation studies.

Malaria is a life-threatening disease in humans caused by parasites. () is one of the prevalent species found worldwide. An increase in an anti-malarial drug resistance suggests the urgent need for new drugs.

Evaluation of the Binding Mechanism of Human Defensin 5 in a Bacterial Membrane: A Simulation Study.

Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is a host-defense peptide exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer on the Gram-negative bacterial membrane acts as a barrier to HD5 insertion. Therefore, the pore formation and binding mechanism remain unclear.

The binding of apo and glucose-bound human serum albumins to a free graphene sheet in aqueous environment: Simulation studies.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a blood protein serving as a carrier for a wide range of drugs and nutrients. A level of glycated HSA (GHSA) is used as a diabetes biomarker. A graphene-based aptasensor is one of potential techniques to detect GHSA.

The penetration of human defensin 5 (HD5) through bacterial outer membrane: simulation studies.

Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is one of cationic antimicrobial peptides which plays a crucial role in an innate immune system in human body. HD5 shows the killing activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria by making a pore in a bacterial membrane and penetrating into a cytosol. Nonetheless, its pore-forming mechanisms remain unclear.

Modeling the Adsorption of the miR-29a Cancer Biomarker on a Graphene Quantum Dot.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules associated with the regulation of gene expression in organisms. MiRNAs are focused on as potential cancer biomarkers due to their involvement in cancer development. New potential techniques for miRNA detection are rapidly developed, while there is a lack of effective extraction approaches, especially for miRNAs.

How human serum albumin-selective DNA aptamer binds to bovine and canine serum albumins.

Serum albumin (SA) is the most abundant carrier protein in blood. SA carries a diverse range of nutrients, drugs, and metal ions. It has wide clinical and biochemical applications.

Albuminuria detection using graphene oxide-mediated fluorescence quenching aptasensor.

A simple and sensitive graphene oxide-mediated fluorescence quenching aptasensor is developed to quantify albuminuria in urine samples. The developed aptasensor used the specific target binding property of aptamer and fluorescence quenching property of graphene oxide to determine the concentration of human serum albumin in urine. The limit of detection of the developed platform is 0.

Exploring how structural and dynamic properties of bovine and canine serum albumins differ from human serum albumin.

Serum albumin (SA) is the most abundant protein in blood. SA carries a diverse range of nutrients and drugs. It has wide clinical and biochemical applications.

Sensitive detection of albuminuria by graphene oxide-mediated fluorescence quenching aptasensor.

Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the human serum albumin (HSA) protein is present in abnormally excess amounts in the urine. A simple and sensitive graphene oxide-mediated fluorescence quenching aptasensor is developed to quantify albumin in urine samples and HSA in serum samples. The aptamer-bound HSA used in this aptasensor has hairpin structures, which are characteristic of the aptamer binding site.

Exploring the binding modes of cordycepin to human adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1) compared to adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine.

Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine, abbreviated as COR) from Cordyceps shows a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anticancer effects, therefore representing a potential alternative medicine. However, COR has a short half-life in the human body, where it is metabolized by adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1). ADA1 helps regulate adenosine levels by deaminating excess adenosine (ADE) and its derivatives, such as 2'-deoxyadenosine (DEO).