Zika Virus Immunoglobulin G Seroprevalence among Young Adults Living with HIV or without HIV in Thailand from 1997 to 2017.

Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemiological data in Thailand are limited. We assessed ZIKV IgG seroprevalence among young adults during 1997-2017 and determined factors associated with ZIKV IgG seropositivity. This retrospective laboratory study included randomly selected subjects aged 18-25 years participating in large clinical studies conducted in Thailand during 1997-2017.

Proximal tubular dysfunction in pregnant women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus.

Background: Data evaluating the risk of proximal tubular dysfunction in women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HBV are scarce.

Objectives: To assess the risk of proximal tubulopathy in pregnant women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for PMTCT of HBV.

Patients And Methods: We used urine samples collected from HBV monoinfected pregnant women who participated in a Phase III, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate short course from 28 weeks gestational age (28-wk-GA) to 2 months post-partum (2-months-PP) for PMTCT of HBV in Thailand.

Perinatal Antiretroviral Intensification to Prevent Intrapartum HIV Transmission When Antenatal Antiretroviral Therapy Is Initiated Less Than 8 Weeks Before Delivery.

Introduction: Infants born to women living with HIV initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) late in pregnancy are at high risk of intrapartum infection. Mother/infant perinatal antiretroviral intensification may substantially reduce this risk.

Methods: In this single-arm Bayesian trial, pregnant women with HIV receiving standard of care antiretroviral prophylaxis in Thailand (maternal antenatal lopinavir-based cART; nonbreastfed infants 4 weeks' postnatal zidovudine) were offered "antiretroviral intensification" (labor single-dose nevirapine plus infant zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine for 2 weeks followed by zidovudine-lamivudine for 2 weeks) if their antenatal cART was initiated ≤8 weeks before delivery.

Tenofovir versus Placebo to Prevent Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B.

Background: Pregnant women with an elevated viral load of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have a risk of transmitting infection to their infants, despite the infants' receiving hepatitis B immune globulin.

Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind clinical trial performed in Thailand, we randomly assigned hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive pregnant women with an alanine aminotransferase level of 60 IU or less per liter to receive tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or placebo from 28 weeks of gestation to 2 months post partum. Infants received hepatitis B immune globulin at birth and hepatitis B vaccine at birth and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months.

Randomized noninferiority trial of two maternal single-dose nevirapine-sparing regimens to prevent perinatal HIV in Thailand.

Objectives: Perinatal single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) selects for resistance mutations. The objective of this trial was to compare two maternal sdNVP-sparing regimens with standard zidovudine (ZDV)/sdNVP prophylaxis.

Design: PHPT-5 was a randomized, partially double-blind placebo-controlled, noninferiority trial in Thailand (NCT00409591).

Impact of body weight and missed doses on lopinavir concentrations with standard and increased lopinavir/ritonavir doses during late pregnancy.

Objectives: To assess the influence of body weight and missed doses on lopinavir pharmacokinetics with standard and increased doses of lopinavir/ritonavir melt extrusion tablets during late pregnancy.

Patients And Methods: Lopinavir concentration data during the third trimester of pregnancy were pooled from clinical trials in Thailand (NCT00409591) and the USA (NCT00042289). A total of 154 HIV-infected pregnant women receiving either 400/100 mg (standard) or 600/150 mg (increased) twice daily had lopinavir plasma concentration data available.

Pharmacokinetics and virologic response of zidovudine/lopinavir/ritonavir initiated during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and HIV viral load response following initiation during the third trimester of pregnancy of zidovudine plus standard-dose lopinavir boosted with ritonavir (LPV/r), twice daily, until delivery for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Design: Prospective study nested within a multicenter, three-arm, randomized, phase III prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV trial in Thailand (PHPT-5, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00409591).

Efficacy and safety of 1-month postpartum zidovudine-didanosine to prevent HIV-resistance mutations after intrapartum single-dose nevirapine.

Background: Intrapartum single-dose nevirapine plus third trimester maternal and infant zidovudine are essential components of programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings. The persistence of nevirapine in the plasma for 3 weeks postpartum risks selection of resistance mutations to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). We hypothesized that a 1-month zidovudine-didanosine course initiated at the same time as single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) would prevent the selection of nevirapine-resistance mutations.