Normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based nitrogen management in bread wheat ( L.): Nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and partial nutrient balance.

The present experiment was conducted to assess the impact of fixed and variable doses (using a normalized difference vegetation index-sensor) of nitrogen (N) on wheat yields, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil nitrogen balance through the optimization of nitrogen dose. There were 10 treatments based on fixed and variable doses with different splits, and each treatment was replicated three times under a randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised fixed doses of 120 and 150 kg N ha with different splits; variable doses based on sensor readings after application of 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha; 225 kg N ha as a nitrogen-rich control; and no application of nitrogen as the absolute control.