Appropriateness and Quality of Composite Endpoint Use and Reporting in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Background: A composite endpoint (CEP) is a measure comprising 2 or more separate component outcomes. The use of these constructs is increasing. We sought to conduct a systematic review on the usage, quality of reporting, and appropriate use of CEPs in spine surgery research.

Applications of Machine Learning in Prognostication of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The aim of the study is to review the literature regarding the current state and clinical applicability of machine learning models in prognosticating the outcomes of patients with mild traumatic brain injury in the early clinical presentation.

Design: Databases were searched for studies including machine learning and mild traumatic brain injury from inception to March 10, 2023. Included studies had a primary outcome of predicting post-mild traumatic brain injury prognosis or sequelae.

The Development And Applications Of Augmented And Virtual Reality Technology In Spine Surgery Training: A Systematic Review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growing global interest in the role of augmented and virtual reality in surgical training. While this technology grows at a rapid rate, its efficacy remains unclear. To that end, we offer a systematic review of the literature summarizing the role of virtual and augmented reality on spine surgery training.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials for Scalp Block in Craniotomy.

Background: Scalp block is regional anesthetic injection along nerves innervating the cranium. Scalp blocks for craniotomy may decrease postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Benefits may extend beyond the anesthetic period.

Digest: Evolution of a robust phenotype in Drosophila.

Do developmentally robust phenotypes evolve over the evolutionary history of a genus, and if so, how? Kalay et al. found that segmentation along the head to tail axis, a robust phenotype, has evolved in Drosophila over the evolutionary history of the genus, primarily through many small changes.