Publications by authors named "Pranita Pradhan"

Context: Acute myocarditis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in infants and children. While immunosuppressive agents have shown limited effectiveness, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) holds promise as a treatment option.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treating acute viral myocarditis in children.

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The aim of the review was to systematically review real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of pembrolizumab in recurrent/metastatic/unresectable head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients. Two independent reviewers retrieved the studies separately and simultaneously. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central were searched for prospective and retrospective studies on recurrent/metastatic/unresectable HNSCC patients treated with either pembrolizumab monotherapy or pembrolizumab combination therapy published till November 2024.

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  • Numerous clinical studies were conducted to compare the effectiveness of non-invasive and invasive tests for diagnosing anemia, focusing on their accuracy in community settings for children up to 14 years old.
  • This meta-analysis reviewed 16 studies, assessing the sensitivity (79.5%) and specificity (90.1%) of various point-of-care devices, with no significant differences noted between these devices and standard reference methods.
  • The findings indicate that point-of-care tests like HemoCue and the WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale are reliable for screening anemia in children, with comparable performance metrics.
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  • Multiple studies have been conducted to find the best iron dosage for pregnant women, but there's no agreement on the appropriate amount to take for prevention of anemia.
  • A meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials involving 2,726 participants showed that while blood hemoglobin levels didn't significantly differ between groups taking 60 mg or less and more than 60 mg of elemental iron, higher doses were associated with better changes in serum ferritin and iron levels.
  • The findings suggest that taking 60 mg of iron daily is more effective than taking only 30 mg to prevent anemia during pregnancy.
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Tuberculosis treatment is sometimes associated with clinical deterioration, referred to as paradoxical reaction (PR), especially in those with HIV coinfection. However, the burden and characteristics of PR in children without HIV coinfection are unclear. We undertook a systematic review to estimate the burden and clinical characteristics of PR in HIV-negative children.

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 The prevalence of otitis media (OM) is substantial all over the world. Epidemiological data related to the economic burden of OM globally is minimal. The present systematic review was undertaken to estimate the economic burden of this disease in various parts of the world.

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Background: Maternal malnutrition affects the somatic growth of the fetus and subsequent adverse events during infancy and childhood period. Though trials have been conducted on multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplements initiated during the preconception period, there is no collated evidence on this.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review of published trials with the application of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).

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Introduction: The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one of the most important health indicators of a country. In India, MMR has decline from 130 to 113 per 100,000 live births between 2014 and 2018, however, there are wide disparities in utilization of maternal health services (MHS) among different states and across different socioeconomic groups within the states. Although the government is providing MHS through various health programs in India, there are several non medical factors leading to the underutilization of MHS services.

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  • Two main strategies are used to treat invasive fungal diseases in children with febrile neutropenia: empirical therapy (treatment without confirmation of the diagnosis) and pre-emptive therapy (treatment after screening tests).
  • A systematic review of literature found only one relevant randomized controlled trial comparing these two therapies in children, showing no significant differences in mortality or other critical clinical outcomes.
  • The study indicates a lack of comprehensive data on the effectiveness of these approaches, suggesting that further research is needed to determine the best treatment method in clinical settings.
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Background: The precision of clinical criteria and the utility of liver biopsy for diagnosis or prognosis remain unclear in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). We systematically reviewed the literature to answer these questions.

Methods: Four databases were searched for studies describing the precision of clinical criteria (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, European Association for Study of Liver, or classical) and the role of histology in AH.

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Background: Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin combination was used rampantly in management of COVID-19 patients in different countries. Present review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin combination compared to the control (standard care) and any adverse effect following this combination use in COVID-19 patients if any.

Material And Methods: We included all the systematic review with or without meta-analysis reporting the effect of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZM) combination use in COVID-19 patient using three databases namely PubMed, medline, CINHAL, Web of Science from July 2020 till Jan 2022.

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Ear ailments in children are a major public health problem in India. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantitatively pool the epidemiologic evidence on the prevalence of all forms of otitis media in children of India. In this review PRISMA guidelines (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) were followed.

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Background: Neck pain (NP) is common in all age groups and adversely affects the patients' entire lifestyle. There exists inconclusive evidence relating faulty craniocervical posture with pain-related disability. This review aims to determine whether sagittal head and neck posture differs in NP and pain-free subjects, to critically appraise the correlation of posture with NP.

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Objectives: Dental caries among children is a highly prevalent yet easily preventable oral health issue among children. Various calcium phosphate (CaP) derivatives are implicated to exhibit caries preventive potential; however, no study has summarized the anti-caries effectiveness of these agents. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to assess the caries-preventive and tooth-remineralizing effect of various (CaP) derivative agents compared to no-intervention/placebo or Fluoride (F) use alone among children.

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Background: With wide clinical spectrum, multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children (MIS-C) is a relatively novel condition occurring weeks to months' post SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim was to systematically review data on clinical features, laboratory parameters and therapeutics of MIS-C from India.

Methods: This systematic review was done as per the PRISMA guidelines, and quality assessment was done using NIH tool for case-series.

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Objectives: We evaluated the magnitude and factors contributing to poor outcomes among cirrhosis patients with fungal infections (FIs).

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid and WOS and included articles reporting mortality in cirrhosis with FIs. We pooled the point and relative-risk (RR) estimates of mortality on random-effects meta-analysis and explored their heterogeneity (I ) on subgroups, meta-regression and machine learning (ML).

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Immune-mediated liver injury (ILI) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is not well-characterized. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature on ILI after COVID-19 vaccination. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, Embase, and gray literature to include articles describing ILI following COVID-19 vaccination.

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Background: Depletion of CD4+ T-cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the hallmark of HIV infection, with only partial restoration by potent antiretroviral therapy (ART). Gut dysbiosis, together with disruption of mucosal integrity contributes to chronic immune activation that further exacerbates the disease. Data from randomized controlled trials in pediatric HIV patients have indicated potential of probiotics in complementing routine ART in managing HIV-associated gastrointestinal complications.

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Exposure to lead among children, as well as adults, is a major global health issue. With diverse routes of exposure (e.g.

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Objective: To determine the pooled prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Indian children.

Methods: The searching of published literature was conducted in different databases (PubMed, Ovid SP, and EMBASE). The authors also tried to acquire information from the unpublished literature about the prevalence of ADHD.

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Unlabelled: The impact of invasive candidiasis (IC) on the outcomes in the non-conventional high-risk cirrhosis population is poorly characterized. Therefore, we reviewed the outcomes and their influencing factors in cirrhosis patients with IC. PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CINHAL, and Web of Science were searched for full-text observational studies describing mortality due to IC in cirrhosis.

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Background And Aims: Fungal infections (FIs) have serious implications, yet understated in cirrhosis. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiology and trends of FIs among cirrhotics.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched for full-text articles describing prevalence of FIs in cirrhosis.

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Objective: To conduct an umbrella review collating the existing evidence to determine whether there is an association between exposure of Paracetamol in-utero or in infancy and the development of childhood Asthma.

Methods: In this review, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that reported the association between paracetamol and asthma in children were included. To identify relevant reviews, a search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Ovid MEDLINE.

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Unlabelled: Invasive fungal infections pose a severe threat in unconventional immunocompromised hosts such as cirrhosis. Herein we review the impact of invasive aspergillosis (IA) on the prognosis of cirrhosis patients. An electronic search for full-text articles describing IA in cirrhosis was conducted and the disease outcomes and mortality (point-estimate and comparative risk) were pooled on random-effects meta-analysis.

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Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining is the 'gold-standard' method in histopathology. However, standard H&E staining of high-quality tissue sections requires long sample preparation times including sample embedding, which restricts its application for 'real-time' disease diagnosis. Due to this reason, a label-free alternative technique like non-linear multimodal (NLM) imaging, which is the combination of three non-linear optical modalities including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, two-photon excitation fluorescence and second-harmonic generation, is proposed in this work.

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