Assessing alcohol industry penetration and government safeguards: the International Alcohol Control Study.

Background: The alcohol industry uses many of the tobacco industry's strategies to influence policy-making, yet unlike the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, there is no intergovernmental guidance on protecting policies from alcohol industry influence. Systematic assessment of alcohol industry penetration and government safeguards is also lacking. Here, we aimed to identify the nature and extent of industry penetration in a cross-section of jurisdictions.

Clinical Profile of Peripheral Artery Disease of Patients Attending Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Janakpurdham, Nepal.

Background: Peripheral artery disease is an important vascular disease. There is an increased incidence of acute limb ischemia in cases of peripheral artery disease. Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of peripheral artery disease among high-risk patients attending out patient department in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Janakpurdham.

Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women and their health-seeking behavior in Ichchhakamana rural municipality of Chitwan district.

Adolescent pregnancy is a critical public health issue, particularly in developing regions like Nepal, where it poses significant risks to maternal and child health and perpetuates the cycle of poverty. This study focused on the marginalized Chepang community, which is endangered and faces unique challenges. The study aimed to explore the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women in Ichchhakamana Rural Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal, and also assessed their reproductive health-seeking behavior.

Effect of nutrition education intervention on nutrition knowledge, attitude, and diet quality among school-going adolescents: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Nutrition education is being used to encourage school adolescents to adopt healthy eating habits. To the best of our knowledge, very little study has been undertaken in Nepal to examine the effectiveness of nutrition education programs. This study aimed to assess the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge, attitude, and diet quality among school-going adolescents in selected private schools in Nepal.

Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls on Weekly Iron Folic Acid supplementation (WIFAS) implemented and non-implemented schools at Tokha municipality, Kathmandu.

Anemia, the prevailing nutritional disorder worldwide, exerts its greatest impact on individuals in developing nations, exhibiting a heightened prevalence among adolescents. There is a window of opportunity for children to improve their nutritional status during their adolescence period. Weekly iron-folic acid supplementation is the preventive measure to break the intergenerational cycle of anemia.

Are circadian rhythms in disarray in patients with chronic critical illness?

Aim: The aim of our study is to assess circadian rhythms in patients with chronic critical illness due to severe brain injury in intensive care unit by establishing the relation between melatonin and cortisol secretion, considering astronomical time and the sleep-wake cycle in chronic critical illness.

Materials And Methods: The study included 54 adult patients with chronic critical illness who resided in the intensive care unit for at least 30 days. The level of consciousness was determined using the CRS-R scale.

Extent of illicit cigarette sales in Nepal: findings from a retail survey.

Introduction: Increasing the tax on cigarettes is widely considered the most effective method to reduce its consumption. However, Nepal has a low cigarette tax as policymakers in Nepal are concerned about illicit trade of cigarettes if taxes are increased.

Methods: The study employed a retail survey approach used in India suitable for countries with prevalent loose cigarette sales, with improved methodology.

Rapid Effects of BCI-Based Attention Training on Functional Brain Connectivity in Poststroke Patients: A Pilot Resting-State fMRI Study.

The prevalence of stroke-induced cognitive impairment is high. Effective approaches to the treatment of these cognitive impairments after stroke remain a serious and perhaps underestimated challenge. A BCI-based task-focused training that results in repetitive recruitment of the normal motor or cognitive circuits may strengthen stroke-affected neuronal connectivity, leading to functional improvements.

Depression, anxiety and stress among high school students: A cross-sectional study in an urban municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal.

Depression and anxiety are the most widely recognized mental issues affecting youths. It is extremely important to investigate the burden and associated risk factors of these common mental disorders to combat them. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the aim to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in an urban municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma versus steroid injection in plantar fasciitis: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common orthopaedic problem, with heel pain worsening the quality of life. Although steroid injection is often used if the conservative treatment fails, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injection is gaining popularity due to its safety and long-lasting effect. However, the effect of PRP versus steroid injection in PF has not been studied yet in Nepal.

Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis.

Background: South and Southeast Asian countries (SSEA) account for the highest burden of anemia globally, nonetheless, progress towards the decline of anemia has almost been stalled. This study aimed to explore the individual and community- level factors associated with childhood anemia across the six selected SSEA countries.

Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys of SSEA countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Maldives, Myanmar, and Nepal) conducted between 2011 and 2016 were analyzed.

Association of nutrition knowledge, practice, supplement use, and nutrient intake with strength performance among Taekwondo players in Nepal.

Background: Optimum dietary intake and adequate nutritional knowledge have been recognized as the key factors that play a critical role in improving the athlete's health and nutrition status. This study aimed to measure the association of nutritional knowledge, practice, supplement use, and nutrient intake with strength performance among Nepalese Taekwondo players.

Methods: Between August 2019 and January 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 293 Taekwondo players in Kathmandu Metropolitan City (mean age, 18 years; 63.

Two-year outcomes of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: a prospective cohort study in Russian Federation.

Background: Epidemiological data on prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) are not available due to lack of research in this field. The objective of this pioneering prospective cohort study in the Russian Federation was to collect the data on the survival and the level of consciousness of patients with pDOC, as well as to search for prognostic markers of survival and improvement of the level of consciousness on long-terms outcomes (up to 24 months).

Methods: All patients (n=184) had pDOC and were admitted to the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology.

The effect of pre-operative carbohydrate loading in femur fracture: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Femur fracture is a major burden among elderly people, leading patients to be bedridden for a long time in the hospital. The body is more likely to be in a catabolic state as a result of the prolonged fasting period required for surgery, leading to an increase in insulin resistance. Pre-operative carbohydrate loading has been shown to improve postoperative outcomes in several countries.

Co-occurrence of non-communicable disease risk factors and its determinants among school-going adolescents of Kathmandu Metropolitan City.

Background: Adolescence is a critical transition in human growth and adolescents tend to engage in various risky behaviors which are likely to continue into adulthood. Co-occurrence of non-communicable disease risk factors has the potential to increase risks of chronic disease comorbidity and increased mortality in later life. Behavioral risk factors are adopted due to changes in lifestyle and adolescents are more prone to acquire them.

Prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among traffic police officers in Kathmandu, Nepal: a cross-sectional survey.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, associated factors and stress-coping strategies among traffic police officers in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency among Patients Attending Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Congenital colour vision deficiency may affect a person's day-to-day activity and may also affect the choice of occupation a person chooses. This study aims to find the prevalence of congenital colour vision defects in patients presenting in outpatient department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre after receiving ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 1006202102).

Anxiety and Depression among Hypertensive Adults in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Nepal.

Introduction: Cooccurrence of hypertension and depression/anxiety increases the chance of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their association with hypertension among hypertensive adults in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a semistructured self-administered questionnaire based on Hamilton Anxiety and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods on pain management during orthodontic debonding.

Background: Orthodontic treatment procedures like separator placement, archwire placement, orthodontic force application, miniscrew placement and debonding procedure usually involve pain and discomfort. Pain perception and methods to reduce pain during debonding in regard to gender and different locations of oral cavity is still a poorly documented issue in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods on pain management during debonding and its association with gender and location.

Understanding the Situation and Effectiveness of Adolescent Focused Tobacco Control Policies in Nepal : A Qualitative Study.

Background: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease that contributes two third of deaths in Nepal. Tobacco related premature deaths are estimated to rise every year if effective interventions are not implemented. In Nepal majority of smokers start using tobacco in their adolescence.

Infant and young child feeding practices and its associated factors among mothers of under two years children in a western hilly region of Nepal.

Infant and young child feeding is a key area to improve child survival and promote healthy growth and development. Nepal government has developed and implemented different programs to improve infant and young child feeding practice. However, the practice remains poor and is a major cause of malnutrition in Nepal.

Health literacy and associated factors among undergraduates: A university-based cross-sectional study in Nepal.

Health literacy is one of the most critical aspects of health promotion. Limited health literacy is also accounted for adverse health outcomes and a huge financial burden on society. However, a gap exists in the level of health literacy, especially among undergraduates.

Computer Vision Syndrome among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Computers and digital electronic devices have become an integral part of life. These devices have adverse effects and nowadays are considered leading occupational hazards. Computer vision syndrome comprises of all the ocular, visual and musculoskeletal symptoms secondary to long term computer use.