Assessing the Readability of Online English and Spanish Resources for Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

Introduction: Online patient education materials (PEMs) that are difficult to read disproportionately affect patients with low health literacy and educational attainment. Patients may not be fully informed or empowered to engage meaningfully with providers and advocate for their goals. We aim to assess the readability of online PEMs regarding polydactyly and syndactyly.

Subgaleal and Epidural Hematomas Secondary to Calvarial Infarcts: An Uncommon Presentation of Sickle Cell Disease.

We present the case of a 13-year-old male with sickle cell disease (SCD) who presented to the emergency department with a severe headache secondary to calvarial infarcts with associated epidural and subgaleal hematomas. This case was complicated by external compression of the superior sagittal sinus by the hematomas as seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Management included supportive treatment of pain and swelling.

Gynecomastia Surgery Patient Education: An Information Quality Assessment of YouTube Videos.

Background: YouTube is a platform for many topics, including plastic surgery. Previous studies have shown poor educational value in YouTube videos of plastic surgery procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and accuracy of YouTube videos concerning gynecomastia surgery (GS).

Using Artificial Intelligence to Assess the Teratogenic Risk of Vitamin A Supplements.

Vitamin A in high doses has been found to be highly teratogenic, leading to severe fetal abnormalities if exposure occurs during pregnancy. Hence, prescription vitamin A acne medications like isotretinoin are highly regulated via programs such as iPledge, which intend to avert fetal exposure to isotretinoin and to educate healthcare providers, pharmacists, and patients about the significant risks associated with isotretinoin and its appropriate usage conditions. However, over-the-counter (OTC) vitamin A supplements are not subject to these requirements, and calculating the vitamin A content of these supplements can be difficult due to the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and inconsistencies in labeling.

Isotretinoin, Vitamin A Supplements, and Unintended Pregnancies in Post Roe v. Wade America.

Isotretinoin is a potent vitamin A derivative that is used to treat acne. However, despite its utility in dermatologic care, it is also highly teratogenic and can cause severe life-threatening fetal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy. As a result, existing regulations are stringent in order to prevent accidental pregnancies in women taking isotretinoin.

Ignoring the elephant in the room-overregulated isotretinoin and unregulated dietary supplements in the United States.

Isotretinoin is an acne medication regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) iPledge Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program due to its potential for birth defects. This program enforces monthly pregnancy tests and comprehension quizzes, among other requirements, which results in disproportionate medication access barriers. In December 2021, the iPledge system underwent a series of changes, which resulted in systemwide malfunctions and hour-long phone support line waiting times.