Vaccine development using artificial intelligence and machine learning: A review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical importance of effective vaccines, yet their development is a challenging and demanding process. It requires identifying antigens that elicit protective immunity, selecting adjuvants that enhance immunogenicity, and designing delivery systems that ensure optimal efficacy. Artificial intelligence (AI) can facilitate this process by using machine learning methods to analyze large and diverse datasets, suggest novel vaccine candidates, and refine their design and predict their performance.